Farfel Notebook 04: Leaves 223-316

Rouen was under English occupation from 1415 to 1450. Huntington Z145Q7549 William K. Sassions (1482) Les Derex Pieues. Rouen, Edinburgh, York, early 16th C printing connections. Rouen - capital of Lower Normandy - a center for the sale of books. Martin Morin 1492-1522 - usually considered to be Rouen's 1st printer with numerous imprints of a high typographic standard - printed liturgical works for the Church of Hereford, Salisbury and York. The demand for books by the English Churches was largely met by established printers in Venice, Paris, Lyon, Antwerp and Rouen. The greatest number of books printed in Rouen for the English churches were for Salisbury and for the most part these were produced by M. Morin from as early as 1492 [?Frere?] estimates that each book would require a year to typeset and print. (Romanus [insert] Oct. 23 [end insert] patron saint of Rouen.) Rouen provided for the Church of Salisbury 16 ed. of the Missal [insert] 6 by Morin, 3 by Oliver, 1 by Vislette etc. [end insert], 12 of the Manual and 5 of the Processional. Scarcity of these books - Henry VIII's proclamation of 1534 instructing that the name and title of the Pope be removed from all existing church books. A further ordinance of 1542 requested the revision of all books used by the Church of England. Rouen was an important center of printing at the beginning of the 16th C, a great many publishers in other towns and countries having the work which they edited printed in this city. Rothomagi=Rouen BMC M. Morin probably a native of Orbec, a village near Lisieux - 1st met with as a printer 1491 GW 5439. notable series of handsome service books of English and foreign uses - includes 3 ed. of the Sarum Missal and 2 of the Sarum Breviary printed before the turn of the Century. -Morin's output of the liturgical works for which Rouen printers became famous, continued until within a year or 2 of his death in 1522.

Both Paris & Rouen were important centers of the trade - England in liturgied books. Not only had the French printers greater ex perience in this form of printing & far more attractive illust., but they could supply service books at a price - which the English printer could not compete, for both vellum & paper cost far less in France. For one thing, there were paper mills in many towns & villages in Normandy. Rouen - 1st printer G. Le Telleu - 1st dated work May 1487. "Les Chroniques de Normandic" Between the years 1492 - 1517 at least 18 service books for English use were printed by M. Morin of Rouen. Jean Richard, a Rouen bookseller was agent for sale of many - Rouen printed books in England the printer included M. Morin, P. Olivier, P. Violette, Richard Hamillon , R. & F. Valentin, N. le Roux & J. le Prest

Sessions Rouen - capital of lower Normandy - a recognized center for the sale of books Caen - " of upper " The English were expelled from Rouen in 1449. Weale - Bahotta (1928) M. Morin S = Sarum. R = Rothomagense, 1490 S-92 Oct12 93 17April R-95 18 Nov 96 S-97 4 Dec 97 10 April R-99 26 March 1503 30 March 1504 1504 25 Sept. R-04 7June 05 28Sept 05 2 March S-06 12 May 06 15 May 06 28 Aug S-1508 27 may S-1508 6 Aug 08 28 Sept S-ca 1510 S-10 26 Nov S-11 April 15 13 21 March *316 R-13 21 March R-13 6 Feb 14 21 April 14 21 July S-14 15 Feb S-15 9 Aug 16 12 Nov 17 31 March S-19 20 March 20 16 Oct 1523 19 Dec 1545

* There are recorded at least 88 Italian printings before 1501 & no fewer than 127 European - all in 27 yrs. No book played a greater role in making Latin the lingua franca of educated Europeans. MMu (P) L Apuleius Barbarus. Herbarium Rome , J. Phillippus de Lignaminc , about 1483. cuts - some colored. In the 1st woodcut catalogue of plants the illustrator did not draw even the plantain from nature, but copied a 10th C manuscript. illustrated by copies of copies stretching back into Roman antiquity. Snakes & insects show what bites & stings a plant will cure. this 1st printed herbal did not start a new trend but concluded an ancient tradition. See Arts of Asia May-June '93 Burmese Kammavaca leaf written Pali script. Fabric from monks robes form the matrix for the laquer leaves. These are ordination texts containing extracts from The Pali Vinya (Feb. 89 G. B. Manasek $65) 16 leaves - board covers 1991 $50 Asia Art M. - S.F. - Kammavaca texts which explain rules of discipline for monks are essential to the valid performance of ceremonies in the Theravade Buddist community - some written on palm [inserted]also copper[end inserted] leaves, others on pages made of cloth from discarded monastic robes. 18th c Burma. #247 - Sometime about the beginning of April 1472, J.A. Bussi (a417-1475) became Vatican librarian. The position of in-house editor to Sweynheym & Pamnartz was assumed by Niccolo Perroti , Archbishop of Siponto had been for many years secretary to Cardinal Bessarion. The 1st half of his editorial tenure is notable for its reprints of earlier Sweynhym & Pannertz editions. Upon the death of Cardinal Bessarion on Nov. 18 1472, Perotti recieved from Sixtus IV (1471-1484) the gift of 2 of his late protector's most lucrative beneficus. He celebrated this windfall - the selfsubsidized publication of his hitherto unprinted works ie Rudimenta gramanatices. Rudementa is the 1st school text to treat grammer & rhetoric as interlocking parts of a single coherant system. It may well have been the most influential 15th C. printed book.*

Morgan Library - Oct '88 Exhibition -"Music & Music Making in the Middle Ages & Renaissance. Music iconography - the description of music in art works 1) Group of instruments Mid 13th C - Apocalypse illust. - has been hailed as England's most importatnt pictoral contribution of the Later Middle Ages. 2)Dancing 3) Percussion instruments 4) Singing 5) String Instruments 6) Wind Instruments -N.Y.P. Library Oct.'88 In its common & most general usage Talmud refers to a compilation of laws , legal briefs & commentaeries developed by the rabbinic sages of Babylonia a) Babylonian Talmud. 3) Jerusalem Talmud. -Renassance - Hebrew language & literature was studied along - Latin & Greek as a classical language. - Before the Renaisance the Gospels were translated into Hebrew & studied in order to counter missionary attempts to convert the Jews. Biblical Targum - translation - commentary - paraphrase of the Palestinian tradtion -N. of Lyna - one of the Christian Hebraists of the medieval period. The "Postillae Perpetuae super Isaism" were very popular biblical commentary & contain many Translations of the Hebrew comments of Rabbi Solomon ben Issac of Troyes known as Rashi. Masorah - a collection of the textual notes pertaining to specific details of the text of the Bible, its spelling & reading, including pronunciation , accentuation & chanting. Avicenna (980 - 1037) was a major Islamic philosopher & physician whose writings had a major influence on Jewish thought. His medical code came to be a standard code for European physicians until the 16 & 17th C. Secular works, prayer books, philosophy, law, bibles & commentary

Music was a much rarer thing in the Middle ages & only the very wealthy heard fine instrumental music . That is one of the reasons why heaven is often depicted as a musical place. The organ had primacy in the Middle ages & was the only instrument sanctioned for use in sacred services. Psalm - a song accompanied by string music. Psaltery - stringed instrument bag pipes - popular in the middle ages - rustic people in all of Western Europe. largest - Choir books of Medieval Mss. Antiphonary Gradual fixed chants from the canon & Ordinary of the mass - The Kyria, Gloria, Crede, Sanctus & Agnus Dei. neumes - graphic signs representing movement in the pitch of a melody unheightened , staveless neumes (already in use in the 19th C) i.e. they indicate only the general rise & fall of the melody & do not define specific pitches. square rotation - developed in the Ile de France in the late 12th C - became generally used throughout Europe during the Gothic & Reniassance periods. huf nagel which was used in some German choir books during the later Middle Ages & Renaissance (1500). Amongst the important outgrowths of humanistic studies of the Renaissance in German was the school drama , a play in Latin or German performed by the students of a school or See P. Morgan Lib. #3 seminary. Many such dramas included music & as such are among the earliest forerunners of German Opera. Johann Reuchlin. Scenica progymnesmate . Basel : J. Bergmann de Olps , not before , May 1498. Goff B1100 #4 Responsoria Moguntina Mainz : P. Schoeffer the Younger . ca 1513. Each page of music is printed froma single woodblock - the text added in letterpress. Of Schoeffer's = 100 known publications only 14 contain music ; of these, this is the only example of music printed from a woodblock.