Farfel Notebook 01: Leaves 001-064

punctus flexus ( a mark of punctuation like a "7" with a dot beneath) which was characteristic of Cistercian use.

Britain the English three-stroke superscript sign which most commonly represents the er or the re sound (z) (z) thrailing headed a (2)

(8) the reverse curve + shading of the final stroke of the minuscule d - distinctively English chancery, found nowhere else in Europe.

t (ter) the er flourish so characteristically English v - the English forked r going below the line.

the influence of the chancery hand upon the gothic will become more obvious as we move into the 14th C. the English superscript conterclockwise sign for terminal r or er (3) 1336 - the flourishes + heavy finishing strokes of the d + the r, er, re sign and the e coming off a forked r - unmistakably English.

Spain See #74 the peculiar Spanish Z [z] oms, omium, oma for omnes, omnium, omoria n and no for non, all of which will be recognized as characteristic Visigothic script for some time before this text (1188). omia-omnia bns-benedictus an-autem z for usiam (eccia) ecca - ecclesia mm-meum pplos-populos Spanish gothic - heavy + stubby with a slight tendency to roundness

the sign for esse P or F was common in philosophical circles in Europe in the 14th C. the influence of the Caroligian minuscule - as in all humanistic scripts the long i after a minimed letter (i, m, n, w) oia for omne

with - long horizontal stroke 1396 - late for good gothic the d looped at the top + pointed at the lower left - a late development seldom found before the 15th C.

Italy (Q) -used alone or internally (qui) qa (quia) inqt(inquit) qd(quid) bs for bus Italian abbreviational characteristies

the wavy line for r or ra ev, re, ri will assume more significacance in Italian hands from this point (1188) et sign - long upper horizontal stroke + absence of a medial crossbar (7) is quite Italian -the unical a, the horiz ascendes of the d.

the super script us sign - an elongated cresent open toward the lower left is frequent in Italian gothic instead of the more usual form of a 9, as found in northern gothic(7) wavy line for omitted r, er, re (over proximate vowel to represent omitted r) x for double s

gothic tradition for the upper horizontal stroke of r to continue into the next letter e.g. ra, re, ri, ro.

vertical lines in the capitals, characteristic of Italian rubrication --> T=T - 1204-becomes discinctive later in this Century + persists through the 15th C. Italian spelling (michi) tendency to square letter structure. the horizontal ascender of the d (d) the roundness of the characters in Italian gothic contributes to the impression of width as opposed to that of height in French gothic reversed c for - bus superscript 9. -tio instead of cio final y for i italianisms - the round a (a), n for non, final y for i - the wavy line for ra as gratis was quite general all over Europe long ascenders reflects the practice used in the writing of legal documents.

France con sign (9) used internally. ÷ est (French MSS) (est). ȩ (12th C) i - dotted ? or only if double et sign - long honiz. stroke - characteristic of the Latin South (z) i.e. Spain ampersand & - (Canolingian) [?Tuionian?] sign v forked r - French cursive hands c for cum not common after 1220 n for non de, do, p. juncture which is common in developed gothic crossed [?Tuionian?] et sign 7 -- sometimes regarded as indicative of origin north of the Alps double looped S --> S erect s --> f developed Gothic --> tightly compressed letters becomes shaded 1 (1343) the [inserted] internal [end inserted] omedial 9 sign for con or cum is generally French miniscule [?forked?] r (r) - Typically French

littera quadrata (textura) square Gothic. Both ends ie. the Lead + feast of the perpendiculars are finished off by lozenge shaped serifs, placed obliquely to the mam strokes A simpler form littera semi quadrata. The heads of the perpendicular strokes begin with a short + thick serif. The feat, however, end with a point (just as the bib leaves the writing material) or are rounded off by a trait curving to the right. littera rotunda round Gothic - absence of the Jozenge shaped serifs of square Gothic. Both heads + feet of the vertical strokes are rounded off by curves.

In Gutenberg's Time, paper was old in the East; in Europe it had been a familiar commodity for some 300 yrs. Printers ink, a mixture of lampblack + oil was known in its elements to the contemporary painter

#9 Breviary (Hall) Psalm 75(4) Confitebimur tibi Deus Psalm 97(6) Dominus regnavit exaltet terra Psalm 99(8) Dominus nagnavit irascantue populi Psalm 47 (6) Omnas gentes, plaudita manibus Psalm 61 (0) Exaudi Deus deprecationem meam intende., Psalm 64(3) Exandi Deus Orationem mam cum deprecor

In Festivatatibus #12 - In illo tempore: Dixit Jesus discipulis suis: Jesus said to his disciples - Gregory X Pope (1271 2 - 12960 tEDALDO vISCONTI Beatae Marise Virginis (Blessed Virgin) [Omelia beatie gregorii pape] - Ordinale Sarum ad Matutines Nov. Sancti Andree Apostoli reponoriirs hymn versicles prayer Lasons invitatories capitula (chapters) antiphons

BX 2470 B 76 1974 West Valley The Monastic World - Christopher Brooke

Out of the early asccetic groups, scattered all over the Roman Empire devloped the movement known as "monastic". The first monks of the Egyption decent were hermits or anchorites. But from very early dayse there came to be communitus of monks living in monasteries (coenobia - common) The monastic ideal is commonly reckoned to owe its formation to St. Antony (c. 251 - 35c), + he was the first great anchorite; it is beyond a doubt that it was in the was in the descents of Egypt that monasticism was born in the early 4th C. 1 Athanasius the bishop + Theologian 2 Antony the hermit 3 Pechomius the coenobite created the tradition of orthodox monasticism the basic ideals of the desert fathers were preserved in John Cassian's Collations (c. 400) - settled in the south of Gaul Cappadocia - eastern Asia minor - St. Basil (d. 379) - Greek Orthodox monastic life St Augustine of Hippo (345-430) Africa - Confessions The 6th C saw the final separation of Greek east from Latin west 1 (with 500) - the Rule of the Master 2) (with 530) - Monte Cassino - 2nd + more famous Rules was written by Benedict of Nursia. Cassiordus - Pope Gregory the Great (590-604) "The Rule" was taken to England in the course of the 7th C to Fleny on the Loire

Irish monastic movement - Columbian who wenf from Bangor to found Luxeird in Gaul + Bobbio in Italy; his disciples spread Celtic monastic influence as far as St. Gallen. Columcille founder of Durow + Iona - St Aidan. Benedict of Aniare (d. 821) appointed by Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's successor - central figure in Western monachism - development of an ever increasing liturgy. Reidenare, Cluny (909-10), Gorze in Lorraine (c. 933) Glastonbury (940), Jumiegaz Public reading an essential part of monastic life.