Harvard Botany Libraries

10) 83. Solidago leptocephala T.& Gr. Wet praries, Houston, Septemb, 84 Solidago bootii Hook Praries, Houston, July to September. 85. Sol. tortifolia Ell. Dry praries Houston, Septemb & October. 86. Bigelovia {Bigelowia} nudata DC. var. virgata T & Gr. Praries on Chocolate bayou 87. Bradburia hirtella T & Gr. Praries with hard clayey soil mixed with the pea-iron-ore, west of the Brazos, July & August. 88. Heterotheca scabra DC. Barren places, clayey soil, Houston, July to Sept. On Galveston island already in April and as late as November. 89 Chrysopsis graminifolia Nutt. dry open woods Houston, Aug & Sept. 90 Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Dry praries, Houston, Aug. Sept. 91. Ambrosia coronopifolia T & Gr. Subsaline praries near Galveston bay. July 92. Berlandiera tomentosa T & Gr. var. dealbata T & Gr. Sandy praries west of the Brazos. June 93 Zinnia multiflora Lin Sandy praries west of the Brazos. 95. Rudbeckia alismifolia Torr & Gr. Sandy praries from Houston to the Brazos. June 98. Helianthus occidentalis Kidd. var. plantagineus T & Gr. margin of the bottom lands of Oyster creek, 40 miles south of Houston; End of August. 99. Hel. rigidus Desf. Open woods, fertile prairies, Houston and southward 100 Hel. angustifolius Lin Wet prairies and open most woods, Houston June to October. 101 Coreopsis drummondii T & Gr. Sandy downs of Galveston island, May 102 Cor. tinctoria Nutt. Praries on Galveston island. May 103. Gaillardia picta Don. On soil formed by fragments of shells, Galveston island May 104 G. amblyodon Gay gravelly soil in praries and open woods on the millcreek, west of the Brazos, July. 105. G. lanceolata Michx Praries near the coast, Galveston island, July 106. Palafoxia texana DC. Wet praries, Houston. August 107. Hymenopappus artemisae folius {artemisiifolius} DC. Open oakwoods west of Houston June 108. Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Open woods Houston, Septemb. 109. Leptopoda brachypoda T & G. var. purpurea. fertile prairies, Houston, May 110 Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. fertile prairies, Houston, in the beginning of April 113 Cirsium virginianum Michx. Dry prairies & open woods, Houston. March to May 114 Centaurea americana Nutt., moist fertile prairies, Houston. July 115 Pyrrhopappus carolinianus DC. Prairies and open woods, Houston. May June 116 Lobelia glandulosa Walt. Wet prairies & woods, near Houston. Septemb. 117. Vaccinium arboreum Marsh., Open woods, Houston. April. 118 {Asclepias} paupercula Michx. Swamps and wet thickets near Harrisburg 119. Lyonia maritima Ell. wet saline prairies, Galveston island. May 1843 122 Cantua coronopifolia Willd. Dry prairies and open woods west of the Brazos, July. 132 Heliotropium curassavicum Lin Dry places, [?], Galveston island, April & May 137. Herpestis cuneifolia Pursh, Margins of streams and ponds near Houston, June, July. 138. Capraria multifida Michx Sandy places on Brazos river, July. 145. Salvia azurea Lam. Dry prairies, Houston, May. 146 Hyptis radiata Willd. open pine woods, Houston. September.

Academy in Philadelpha have been very liberal, and supplied me with full fragments of {Cuscuta} — amongst them a number of foreign of much interest — but nothing new n. [arrived?] except Nuttall's C. acumunata — C. californica Choisy. — incomplete but a very distinct species from Europe I have had interesting specimens, especially some from Mr. {Carl F.} Ledebour from Asia — — I am guilty of gross neglect in not having acknow= ledged the presents of Mr. Hooker. I intend to answer him by giving him a full description of all my new Cuscutas, but was prevented by too much professional business; will you tell him that? I will do it in early winter. — You advise to send him a collection of Lindh. gratis — he is already a subscriber but I will make his collection doubly full, and add many plants, extra.

But now for the principal thing. About two weeks ago I received 2 boxes for Lindheimer with well preserved plants from the country between the Colorado and Brazos. One had been on the way since 1 July the other only since 5th August — but both in good order — a number of fine plants, but not a great many for our collection — only about 80 more numbers. — It took me a week stolen leasure hours to select put them up in fresh and more paper, and only now I have arranged them a little. — I did not intend not to write, untill I could notify you of the sending of your specimens; but I must not wait longer; perhaps in another week I will be able to send them. We have now a connection with Adams & Co. Express line — and you can always I hope send small packages safely expeditiously and without too much cost in this way. I shall do it as soon as possible, but the Ohio is now impracticable

and I really don't know whether they will come now expeditiously perhaps by the lakes & Buffalo to Boston [?] — which I should wish the more, as I shall also send you seeds and a bulbs, another too, species of Cooperia; one sent a year ago, it vegetates well here, but did not flower; another larger one sent now; I put some in a flowerpot; and have already had a flower! It appears different species: larger flower, larger bulb, broader flat leaves; the other has canaliculate, half terete leaves. — Among the seeds is the beautiful or rather singular G. drummondii.

The labels are printed with numbers only as you suggested, but large are decent enough, to be filled up by the [?] of the sets. — I shall send you a set of labels, which you may put to your specimens. —

The new collection contains a number of plants, already in the old ones, e.g. my Monarda? penicillata. Gaura sinuata and others; — they will be distributed again but not counted nor changed; they are mostly better specimens than the first. — The beauty of this collection is Lisianthius glaucifolius ? and a scarlet Penstemon with blue leaves. —

I forgot to tell you that we have raised my {Heliotropium} minutiflorum, also Brazoria annua (which is also plenty in the new collection) a plant very near Scutellaria, with closed fruit — calyx; — also Helianthus cucumerifolius and H. vernalis, which name ought to be changed if not yet printed : it might be called H. praecox both are still in flower before my window, and I have raised seed enough — both are very distinct in leaves, involucro, florsculi, and seed:

More in my next letter — you see that this is written in great haste — and you must excuse the disorder in it. — Raised also, and in flower now in the second year Malvaviscus drummondii — fine, but too delicate for our climate; — lost Gaura lindheimeri; — raised Phyllanthus polygonoides, and a new? Euphorbia. — — I have received DeCandolle vol. 8th. Have you printed any thing? — The interior of Texas is very dangerous ground now; and was so all summer — but L. {Lindheimer} was was going with a party of hunters for work. — Ver cordially yours G. Engelmann

I had letters from Geyer from Northern Oregon from April — nothing satisfactory — He will take his collections to England. — Fremont was here, collections not seen, probably spoiled? — He saw Lüders, who lost every thing in the Columbia river, last November.

[postmark] 28 St. LOUIS OCT 6 Mo. Prof. Asa Gray Cambridge Mass

Can you tell me any thing about Mr Oakes. I must have offended him; but do not know how. He sent my plants 18 months ago, and requested exchange, somewhat later, about 12 months ago. I sent him a return, but could not then make up a very large package, promising more; 9 months ago I sent him at his request (in his first letter) a long and elaborate article on climate, its influence on flowering etc. — But I have never heard any thing from him since him since his first letter — write soon G.E.

St Louis Dec 6th 1844

Dear Doctor

In due time I received your last letter, which I ought to have answered sooner. — I hope Lindheimers plants together with seeds for yourself and for Hooker and with bulbs of two species of Cooperia have safely arrived by this time. I have sent them away about 3 weeks ago, and you ought to have received them by [Pomeroy?] or Adams' Express. — I have received two letters from Lindheimer since, and expect a rich collection every day — some 4 or 5 species of live Cactus's amongst them —he is going farther west, and will I hope for more next year. — I believe I have written you that I had a letter from Geyer from Oregon; he will take his plants directly to England (and not pay his debts here in St Louis, I expect!). Fremont has seen Lüders on the Columbia, who had lost every thing he had in the river. Fremont himself writes me that most of his plants were destroyed — It appeared somewhat singular to me, that during a stay of 8 or 10 days here in St Louis he would not allow me to open and dry his moulding packages. Did he distrust me? He appears to me rather selfish — I speak confidentially — and disinclined to let any body share in his

discoveries, anxious to reap all the honour, as well as undertake all the labour himself. — He objected to take any botanist or geologist along with him, though the expense would hardly have been increased and the discoveries certainly greatly augmented, as he himself can not claim any knowledge of either branch, nor of zoology. — This however is a private remark — I hope when Government does any thing to explore Oregon, some competent man will be sent along, and I must confess I should like much to be of the party. — —

I expect a new collection of Lindheimer every day — and shall send you specimens immediately. We must then work it out without waiting any longer. I shall go directly at it and send you my notes — but you must then not wait defer it any longer. I owe it to Lindheimer and owe it to the subcribers to distribute the plants then without any further delay.

A Scotch Gardner, Gordon, who had been 1843 with Sir Wm Stuart to the mountains, has returned from England and is on his way to "the mountains of Texas" as he wrote me a short time ago. — A competitor of Lindheimer?

I received the later numbers of Hookers Journal, and a letter from him dated Nov. 4th where he asks about the collections and so on, I am ashamed that I have not written to him sooner. —

A few days ago I received a Cuscuta collected lately in Abyssinia by Schimper's, under the name of C. brevistylis {brevistyla} — but it must be C. arabica. Choisy's description is miserable. — One, but a complete, flower of C. californica, collected

by Nuttall, was received for Philadelphia. — I have examined a few days ago. A most remarkable species. Nuttalls manuscript name C. acuminata ought to be retained. So it would in name as it does in fact resemble my C. mucronata. — In the Philadelphia Collection are several from Europe, (probably the south) and 1 from the Azores, which belong to new or illy described and known species, but my material is too scanty to make out. —

I am sorry that I can not make a drawing for you from a living plant — will one after a dry specimen do?

Choisy's figure of C. gronovii is like most of his figures very stiff and unnatural; the ovary, fig. 8 is wrong and quite different: fig. 3 is pretty good, but still worse is IV, C. america; 2 pretty good but 8 again bad, and 3 is no flower, but ripening capsule with the integuments. —

Among Lindheimers plants you find a duplicate specimen of a new Asclepias (Otaria) lindheimeri not described by Decaisne in DC Prod. The duplicate please to send to Dr Torrey, as he now takes especial interest in Asclepiadeae. — — Please send it to him.

Is DeCandolle vol IX published? Of the Brazorias I have a few seeds, which I will send — It is abundantly in the second collection, as also another to me new genus of Labiatae.

Very truly yours G Englemann

over

Hooker asks for Geyer's Missouri plants. Could not Wiley & Putman send half-dozen sets to their agents in London for sale? and then tell Hooker of it?

[Asa Gray's note] Write W&P

[stamp mark:] ST LOUIS 25 DEC 7 MO.

Prof A Gray Cambridge near Boston, Mass

Among Lindheimers plants, received in a letter is Polygonacae 3 large external, 3 small internal sepals, woody at base — 9 stamina — 3 stigmas — New genus? Wooly leaves, near Eriogonum & Rumex! or Rheusm? also a dioicous Croton

[Asa Gray's note:] Arrvd Feb 3d St Louis, Jan 11th 1845

My dear doctor

A few days ago I got Linheimers last box! I was delighted to find seven live Cactus in it, but some appear to have suffered from moisture, as also the plants, about a thousand specimens — much less than I expected. I have worked very hard to get plants and seeds dry and select your part of both and Hooker's part of the seeds before Mr. Kimm started for New York; he left here on the 7th. Cactus he could not take with him, as too bulky, besides I was afraid of the frost. I have also several bulbs, 2 ? Cooperias ? and one white and one reddish brown Amaryllis ? — albo a bulb of Asclepias lindheimeri — of all of which and the Cactus I shall send you a part as soon as I think it advisable or [?] of frost. —

I am astonished not too hear from you about the arrival of the plants and seeds, for you and Hooker, sent by me early in November in a box per Adams' (I believe) Express. —

The numbers in both collections have to be altered, but I could not yet arrange them; I will let you know soon, as I have also to write you about my examination of the plants. — But pray go at it now your self also; we must not wait any longer; for Lindheimer must have money; he has already refused offers, to sell his collection to others, but he will be obliged to do it, if we do not hasten the distribution of his plants. Cant we publish the list in Silliman's April Nro?

I will pack the sets as soon as I have examined them, and send them off without waiting for the published list, but we must not lark behind with that! — Lindheimer writes that it shall not be his fault if the nomenclature of Texan plants gets mixed up and entangled. He will send nothing elsewhere but here, but we must not let him lack the necessary means; I have therefore sent him 200 dollars on his collection; he wrote from the Colorado, Nov. 25th and is now 300-400 miles west in the new German settlement of San Saba "where the plants, I hope have no latin names," he says. — —

Cactaceae texanae 1. Mammillaria simplex?? but oespitosa! with small red berries; leaves? at the point with starlike spines, and a fine tomentum. 2. Mammillaria vivipara fruit yellowish green, ovul central (in your flora you say filiform for ficiform — but is [?] ficiform?; leaves? with the groove described by Nuttall, but terminates by radiated spines, with a very strong erect central one; no tomentum among the spines. Nuttall says: barbate, but does not mention spines 3. Echinocactus ? large, globose, 8-10 inches diameter, simple, 21 ribs, with radiated (6-8) spines, and a nearly central one, annulated, curved backward 1 1/2-2 inches long; a tomentum at the base of the spines, and also in the centre of the plant, some of the spines covered with Lichen! perhaps like your E. viridescens? 4. Echinocactus ? tenuispinus ? 2 inches diameter, simple; ribs oblique, 13-15 — spines radiated, very long, setiform flexible refl, longer towards the top 5. Melocactus ? [cespitosa?] or simple, oval, 1-1 1/2 inch diameter, about 15 straight ribs; spines radiated short and thin, forming pretty little stars, with an oblong or lanceolate centre [drawing] — a most beautiful species. 6. Opuntia vulgaris ? few spines; — NB. I can not distinguish ferox and vulgaris; some have paler, some darker yellow flowers, some more, some less spines. Our cousin Missouri plant has strong spines, but a fruit inermis; and the whole plant is depressed. One with a dry fruit I have not yet seen. 7. Opuntia carpo olados as I call it: evidently near O. fragilis Nutt. 3-5 feet high, with cylindrical, woody

and very hard stem, of gray colour. — You get a specimen by Mr. Kimm; branches angular, somewhat cylindrical, not flattened, fragile — fruit not at top but on the side of the articulatis; articulations short or longer; fruit corall red; juicy, not dry; with small spines, and frequently bearing branches. The fruit contains from one to 3 or 4 compressed, somewhat spirally marked seeds; I hope you can propagate the plant from your specimen, by planting a few articulators or seeds. — I have seen specimens where the fruit of last year was perfectly dried up and the shoots coming out of (or rather the fleshy external part) grown and bearing fruit themselves.

— Among the seeds you find Algarobia glandulosa. The fruit appears to me remarkable, unique nearly, but near Detarium Decandolle the seed appears to be enclosed in a testa which is found by the inner memb epidermis of the legume, not in the originally in the parenchyma of the legume, not in the cavity of the legume as in Gleditschia. Examination of the unique fruit would show, whether I am right. What do you think of my explanation; I can not think of an other one! There are evidently two coverings of the seed — as in almonds! — It appears not to have been noticed before in Algarobia.

I find a few specimens of a new Polygonum, near [Scand?] [loss] which may be called cristatum, from the wings of the fruit.

A beautiful polygonaceous plant, of which I have written you; a new genus, near Eriogonum, also with a involucro, but with flowers like Rheum maybe called Eriorheon? [Asa Gray's note:] now [?] from Eriogonum!

A dioicous Croton, a perennial Boerhavia perhaps decumbens. Isopappus hookerianus Aster scoparius, but only in few specimens. 2 new ? Helianthus, one near argophyllus, the other near laetiflorus ? etc.

NB. As Lindheimer has to exist from his botanical collections, I think your botanical garde could allow him an appropriation for the seeds and

bulbs and Cactus's which I send in his name. His zeal would be instigated, when he sees that he can earn with his collections so much that he can extend his investigations further in to the interior. I am afraid his last two years work will bring him hardly more than 300 dollars. However I leave that to you. Write soon about the arrival of the two packages; indeed about the first one I expect your letter dayly.

Very truly yours G. Engelmann

[30?] [Asa Gray's note:] Benthan has been publishing some new Euphorbias from Texas — in Voyage Sulphur

[postmark] St. LOUIS JAN 12 Mo.

Prof Asa Gray Cambridge Mass.

I have requested Kimm to deliver the packages to Wiley & Putnam in {New} York for you. I have written W&P. to send 6-8 sets of Geyer's plants to England, they do not appear to sell any!

2. These few notes are all I can gather for the present from Lindheimer's letters and labels, but I will induce him to make fuller observations of this kind as of much interest for botanical geography. — For a few more notes see Algarobia glandulosa below.

List of plants contained again in Lindheimer's Collection of 1844 and allready distributed amongst the plants of 1843. 7.b. Cocculus carolinus D.C. fruiting specimens, collected on the Colorado river in October. The female plants have apparently more frequently hastately 3-lobed leaves, than the male plants. 8. Streptanthus hyacinthoides Hook. Prairies between Brazos & Colorado rivers, April and May. — Flowers nodding, siliques erect; our specimens mostly simple, with linear leaves; some larger ones are branching with linear-lanceolate leaves. 11. Polygala leptocaulis Torr & Gr. along rivulets, west of the Brazos, in May. 18. Paronychia drummondii-bottom-woods and sparsely in the low prairies Torr & Gr. Sandy prairies west of the Brazos, in patches together May. — The specimens differ from those in collection of 1843 by being young plants, with good leaves, just beginning to flower. 24. Sida lindheimerii Dry prairies west of the Brazos, June to August. Corolla yellow, 12 to 16 lines in diameter. I have seen forms of Sida elliottii T & Gr. which somewhat resemble our plant, as the peduncles are sometimes elongated. though they never reach the length of the leaf; the flowers are of the same size, but the leaves are narrower, smooth above, the carpells only about 9 in number, nearly orbicular and only slightly bimucronate. 29. Rhynchosia minima DC naked clayey soil between the Brazos & Colorado. Septmeber. 39. Dalea aurea Nutt Dry prairies west of the Brazos in May & June 40. Petalostemon obovatus Torr & Gr. Perennial. Dry prairies west of San Felipe in July. 49. Acacia hirta Nutt. ripe legumes. 51 Vachellia farnesia W. & A. Margin of the Brazos-bottom-woods and sparsely in the low prairies west ward, undoubtedly indigenous. 55. Oenothera speciosa Nutt Prairies west of san Felipe, in heavy soil; fl in March & April. 60. Gaura sinuata Nutt. roadsides and naked declivities west of the Brazos, April & May. 80 Gutierrezia texana Torr & Gr. Dry prairies between the Brazos & Colorado. Sept. & Octob. 83. Solidago leptocephala Torr & Gr. Wet places in the prairies west of the Brazos. Sept. 94. Echinacea angustifolia D.C. In clayey prairies west of San Felipe, April & May. 96 Helianthus cucumerifolius Torr & Gr. Sandy soil west of the Brazos, Aug. & Septemb. We have had occasion to observe this and the nearly related H. praecox, No. 97. and find them very distinct. Besides the characters enumerated before we find the leaves of H. cucumerifolius always cordate at base and deeply coarsely serrate, of a deep green colour; the involucral scales elongated, with subulate tips, at first erect and not covering the disc before the opening of the flowers, afterwards at least partly reflexed; coroll of disc flowers with a very short tube and long and wide neck, disc especially after flowering, hemispherical. — The leaves of H. praecox are mostly abruptly attenuate into the petiole, more or less, sometimes indistinctly in other specimens deeper toothed, but never serrate, of a pale, somewhat cinereous hue; involucro coroll of disc flowers with a long thin tube and short neck; therefore the disc much smaller than in the other species, and after flowering nearly flat; Achenia considerably smaller. — It flowered in our nothern climate together with the its relative from June to October; in its native place (Galveston island) Mr Lindheimer's found it in flower in April; it is probably a biennial plant there germinating in the latter part of the summer, and coming to perfection early in the following spring.

3) 104. Gaillardia amblyodon Gay in light sandy soil west of the Brazos; May to July. rays bright red, brownish purple at base. 107. Hymenopappus artemisiae folius DC Sandy soil, principally in open bushes near the Millcreek, 16 miles west of San Felipe. In flower from March to September. — Lowest leaves entire (in shady places and in later specimens) or lyrate, or usually pinnatifid, with entire or even with incisely toothed lobes. 110. Marshallia caespitosa Nutt Growing sparsely on dry prairies near the millcreek April. — Stems 12 to 15 inches high; lowest leaves spathulate, obtuse 3-nerved; chaff scales of pappus large, broadly ovate acuminate; but otherwise not differing from the common form as described by Torrey & Gray. 137. Herpestis cuneifolia Pursh Margin of rivulates and ponds, west of San Felipe, June. 138. Buchnera americana L. β parviflora, Open prairies west of the Brazos, April to July. 145 Salvia azurea Lam. Prairies west of the Brazos, May. 153 Monarda ? penicillata covers large spots patches of dry prairie west of the Brazos. May to August. It appears to take in the inland regions of Texas the same place as "the somewhat similar M. punctata in the lower litoral districts; its pungent taste is similar to the latter one, but not so strong" Lindh. — 161. Utricularia subulata Lin Wet meadows near San Felipe, April & May. 169. Stillingia silvatica {sylvatica} L. Prairies west of the Brazos, May. 174 Euphorbia bicolor 175 Tragia urens L. on the abrupt banks of rivulets near the millcreek. May to July. "not stinging!" Lindh. 184. Commelina angustifolia Mich Open grounds, cultivated fields. May to July. 189. Moraea — — in wet prairies sparsely, but rather common between the Brazos & Colorado; April to August. 198. Phalangium angustum probably only a variety of Ph. exculentum. Dry prairies west of the Brazos, April. ———————————— Enumeration of Mr Lindheimers Collection of 1844. 215. Brasenia peltata Pursh in clear rivulets in the prairies between the Brazos & Colorado; July. 216. Draba cuneifolia Nutt Dry grassy places near Catspring, west of the Brazos, in March. — We find amongst our specimens some with nearly, and others with entirely smooth glabrous silicles. This would indicate that Draba micrantha Nutt which differs from D. caroliniana Walt chiefly in the pubescence of the fruit, is only a variety of this latter one 216. Vesicaria auriculata n.sp. annua, caulibus pluribus, decumbentibus, canescenti-hirsutis, foliis sparsim pilosis, inferioribus lyrato-pinnatifidus, s. sinucato-dentatis, basi attenuatis, superioribus sinuato ovato-lanceolatis, basi cordato-auriculata sessilibus s. semi amplexicaulibus, subdentatis s. integrsi; petalis obovato-spathulatis sepala pilosa colorata sub duplo superant-ibus; filamentis e basi latissima abrupte subulatis; antheris linearibus, ovarii loculis 3-4 ovulatis; stylo cum stigmate globosa siliculis vix stipitatis globosis glabirs breviore, semnibus sub-6, marginatis