The Lorne Knight Diary, vol. 1

VOL. ONE

DIARY of E. LORNE KNIGHT

614 CREDIT FONCIER BLDG VANCOUVER B. C. CANADA

%A. J. TAYLOR BEGINING 8/14/21

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September 14 Wednesday 1921

On board schooner Silver Wave about 100 miles S. East of Wrangle Is.

Will begin my diary today. Every thing progressing finly and making wonderful time. Have not seen a cake of ice so far. Dogs in rather poor shape but will do my best to get them in good condition when we reach the island. The season is getting late and a good many things must be done before the freeze up as we are anxious to get started with our work. Galle has been sea sick and is in a weakened condition so can not expect a great deal of work from him for a few days. The wind is blowing a strong breeze from the S.E. and we may not be able to land at Roger's Harbor so will try and land on the N. E. corner of the island. 11 30 P.M. Crawford just sighted Wrangle Is. distance probably 60 or 70 miles. Will be there some time tonight

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Because of a strong breeze with a heavy swell from the S.W. we were forced to heave to for the night. Wrangle Is. was obscured by a heavy bank of fog but we Know that we are with in 25 or 30 miles of it. Galle feeling better.

Sept. 15 Thursday

Started at 9 A. M. in direction of the Island

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About noon fog raised and we sighted Berry Peak(?) dead ahead. Arrived off the land at 6P.M. and looked for Roger's Harbor. Capt. Hammar said that he did not care to go into the harbor as it was dangerous, for a heavy swell was still running from the S.W. About 2. miles East of the Harbor we sighted a high sand spit with a great deal of wood on it and landed our outfit in a heavy surf. Every thing was landed by 10:30 P.M. Started unloading at 7 P.M.

Sept 16 Friday

After unloading we slept on the ship but the wind arose from the south and we were called at 3 A.M. We had time to get our personal stuff ashore and the "Silver wave" departed with 3 whistles and a great deal of flag dipping and left us to our own resources. We have a good out fit and the fox tracks look promising so we should have a successful winter. The surprising thing to me is the weather. Nice gentle winds, with an uncommon amount of sunshine for this time of year, and not an ice cake in sight. We see an occasional seal [sout] some distance out xxx but if they were killed it is doubtful if we could get them. We have a dory but the

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surf is unceasing so it is very unpractical to launch the boat. I had a shot at a large walrus but missed. We all tryed tried our rifles, and no two shoot alike. One will shoot high, another low, and still another to the right or left. We have an Eskimo woman with us who is busy sewing clothing and she is doing very nicely. We are now busy stacking wood and getting quarters ready for the winters

Sept 17 Saturday

After putting in about 16 hours of hard labor yesterday we took a rest today and did a little work which did not take much exeration. Too stiff. Heavy swell from the S. and a light breeze from the N.W. Crawford took a long walk inland and Maurer and I went about 3 miles to the westward and found xxx great quantities of drift wood. This is a good place for fuel. A large numb number of the things I ordered in Seattle did not arrive and a box of Prunes opened today were found to be maggoty. Rather a poor thing to do to a party going north.

Sep 18 Sunday

A beautiful day. Maurer, Galle and I cut and stacked wood all day in preparation for hauling on the arrival of snow. Crawford built great boxes and and a tool chest. Saw a seal and

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dozens of sea gulls and terns. The gulls are all flying west, no doubt turning south at some point farther on. The surf is still running rather heavy and no ice in sight. There are a great number of white owls about and a few ravens, but we have not seen a sign of ptarmigan. Light breeze from the East and cloudy.

Sept. 19 Mon

Everybody busy. Galle making tool chest. Maurer putting supplies in shape. Crawford getting metreological instruments up and myself repeating sled and dog harness. One seal seen, and numerous gulls. A heavy surf numming and a strong wind from the E.S.E. cold.

Sept. 20 Tues

Max 37.5 Min 31.5 In thermometer redings beginning at this date, renders a minus mark (-) preceeds the reading, the reading will mean "plus" (+) All hands busy digging out the side of a end bank for space to pitsh our winter quarters We can use one side of the bank for a side of the house and the roof will be sod. The two ends will be built of snow blocks. We will pitch the 10x12 and the 8x10 tents end to end and will use the small U tent for a Kitchen and the large tent for living quarters. I have been feeding the dogs on cracklings caught in Nome but they are nearly gone so I had to cook for them today. Rotten potatoes (of which there are

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quite of a few) and crackling crumbs. There is no sign of ice and the prospect for seals looks rather gloomy until the ice doe come. There are a few seals about but they stay a long distance from shore and the surf is so heavy and the dory so hard to pull out that it is not advisable to go aftl after them. I think that they would sink now. Light breeze from the E. S. E. with occasional flurriess of snow. Cloudy.

Sept 21 Wed

Max 37.0 Min 24.8 1 Bear

Just after breakfast galle went up on the bluff near our camp and saw a bear about 2 miles inland Maurer and I took after him and shot him about 2 miles West of camp. He was a full grown male with a rather good skin which we carefully saved. The carcass was cut up and eached and will be hauled home when the xxx weather permits. Enough was carried home by us to feed the dogs in the mean time. Occasional flurries of snow from the West with a strong breeze. No sign of ice as yet.

Sept 22 Thurs

Max 31.5 Min 24.4 1 Owl

All hands busy about camp at various duties. This afternoon I hitched up the dogs and started eat east to bring back a 4x6 plank that had been found a few days previous. About 2 miles east of camp I came to fresh bear Tracks going East. The dogs imediatly became

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excited and when I got them stopped I saw the be bear a quarter of a mile ahead. Havxxx Having an empty sled and no place to tie the dogs I returned to camp I was all alone and I did not feel justified in getting the dogs in a tangle. We did not go back after the bear for we already have the carcass of one out on the tundra and no way to bring it in. Very cloudy with an Easterly breeze with an occasional light flurry of snow. I shot a large owl near camp. I killed xxx xxx

Sept 23 Fri

Max 34 Min 27.5

All hands cut sod until we were forced to quit by a strong wind accompanied by a thick shower of soft snow. Spent the rest of the day making sleeping bags of blankets and finishing our gun cases. Not sufficient snow to haul logs for the house and too much surf for the dory. Skinned the owl and eat the carcass. Very similar to chicken and very good. Our seamstress busy making clothing. One seal seen and several foxes. Am feeding the dogs heavily trying to get them in working shape. Have already got the harness and sled in good working shape order. Hope the ice comes soon. Strong breeze from the N. W. with heavy flurries of snow.

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Sept 24 Saturday

Max 34.2 Min 26.4 All hands busy at general duties cutting wood etc. The afternoon Crawford and Galle brought home another ham from the bear Killed a few days ago. Several foxes seen today. We are still waiting for a chance to haul logs for our winter quarters. Not enough snow and too much surf. Blowing a strong breeze from the N.W. Cold.

Sept 25 Sunday

Max 34 Min 24.5 All hands went this morning with the dory to haul logs for the house. When about half loaded the surf became so bad that we were forced to beat a hasty retreat, greatly to our dissapointment. However enough logs were procured to erect the two end uprights and the ridgepole and part of the roof. Shall make another try tomorrow. We erected a 340 foot flag pole and hoisted the Union Jack. I have always understood that this Island was hard to reach by ship, but from all indications it is no harder to reach that than any southern port. For nice clear sailing in Northern waters, this cannot be excelled. There seems to be some friction between Maurer + Galle but I will do my best to ease matters between them for a small party like this

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should run smoothly. The dogs are picking up and should be in shape soon. One walrus and numerous ducks seen. When in the day, I wounded one duck with the shotgun but he got away Light westerly breeze. Clear + getting colder

Sept 26 Monday

Max 32.5 Min 18.0 All hands busy all day west of the camp cutting and splitting logs for the sides and roof of the house. It is surely a great sight to see all the fine dry wood after being on the islands north of Canada when drift wood in scarce. Our seamstress is busy making clothing and we had a great many clothing skims so our clothing outfit should be comfortable. A large number of ducks and gulls seen. Cold Clear, and blowing a fresh breeze from the North

Sept 27 Tuesday

Max 30 Min 17.5 A howling wind from the East accompinied by a heavy fall of wet snow kept us close to the tent today. Nothing done but necessary chores.

Sept 28 Wednesday

Max 26.8 Min 19.3 Spent most of the day working on the house. A small amount of ice hove in sight

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this morning from the S. WE. and several cakes have grounded along the beach near here. Mostly old ice and considerably water worn. A heavy surf from the S. E. Cold clear and a fresh breeze from the East.

Sept 29 Thursday

Max 31 Min 19.5 For future reference perhaps, I am going to make a statement of what happened today. About 2 P. M. Ada Blackjack, our seamstress, went out of the tent as we were all sitting about. About an hour later Crawford became anxious as to her where abouts as she had not returned. Near the tent on a box were found her "Eversharp" journal and a finger ring. Sticking in a crack in the box was a note written by her to Crawford telling him to take these two articles. Seeing that she had left camp Crawford and I immediately followed her tracks to ward the hills inland. After an hour of very fast walking we came as to her and she immediately started to scream and act like an insane person. Out of her clothes dropped a bottle which was half full of linement. She had been drinking it and was quite sick at her stomach. After some persuasion we got her started home and she told us the same thing that she had wrt written a few days before and handed to Crawford viz, that "we intended to kill her." Also, that when she had seen us following her she had drank

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The linament for she "was afraid of me (Knight) and had seen me sharpening my Knife in the morning; and several more things too long to relate here. The fact is, we have treated her as well as any one could be treated and my honest belief is that her mind is not fully developed for she acts, so it seems to me, like a child of 8 or 10 years of age. We will watch her and take good care of her. Not knowing what she may do in the future I am setting down these facts as is Crawford, and he is keeping the notes to show to Mr. Stefansson. She seems t be Grounding but we cannot find out the reason. A very heavy surf. General duties.

Sept 30 Friday

Max 32.5 Min 11.5 This morning Crawford + Galle started to pack home some bear meat but when close to the camp carcass they saw a bear. Crawford sent Galle to camp for Maurer and I but when we got to the place where the bear had been we saw Crawford in the distance comming our way. He told us that before we arrived that the bear had seen him and had started west ward. Crawford followed and got a long distance shot at him but the bear travelled faster and got away. Our seamstress kept Crawford awake all last night asking for protection, saying that she was afraid of the "other men." Every time she sees one of us sharpening his Knife she asks "if the

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Knife is to be used to "Kill her with". We are more of the opinion than ever that she is slightly touched. Too bad we did not know it in Nome. She surely would not be here. General duties. Dogs getting in good condition. Clear and cold. Sight Easterly breeze. Surf going down

Oct 1^st Saturday

Max 35.2 Min 21.5 Rather a good day for us. This morning shortly after breakfast I went outside and saw a bear crossing the river bed about half a mile above camp. Maurer and I set out with our guns but the dogs had been rest less all morning and were very noisy. The bear evidently heard the dogs for she started inland for the mountains. We chased her for about 3 miles and then with the glasses we could see her about 3 miles ahead of us rapidly going N.W. We learned with the glasses that she had two cubs with her. We gave up the chase and returned to camp. This evening after supper the Native woman went out side and rushed in to tell us that she saw a bear coming along the beach from the westward. Maurer ran and hid behind the dory and waited. The dogs did not see the bear and apparently the bear did not know about the camp. When about 150 feet from Maurer he let drive, hitting the bear behind the shoulder and thru the intestines Maurer shot again and missed & I ran down the beachand shot once Knocking him down. I still

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ran toward him and when about 60 feet from him he arose and started for me. I sat down and took good aim and shot him thru the head, Killing him instantly. He died about 100 yards from camp 30 feet from the water. Male, three quarters grown, poor fur. Medium amount of fur, stomach empty excepting a little grass. This morning our seamstress had a spell or two about us Killing her but this evening she seems to be all right. Have tried coaxing but find that sterness is better. Breeze from N.W. Surf falling some. A great many small ice cakes. Cloudy

Oct 2 Sunday

Max 41.5 Min 17.2 There being very little to do about camp Galle took a walk to the westward this morning and saw three bears comming toward him. He was afraid to tackle them so came after help. They dissapeared by the time the rest of us got to where they were last seen. Ada, the seamstress, has had a few spells today, saying she will never see Nome again and a good many foolish things. At this moment she is busy sewing. Hope she keeps it up. Saw one fox. Cloudy surf the same as yesterday.

Oct 3 Monday

Max Min (Not Taken) After breakfast the dogs set up a "bear howl" and rushing out of the tent we saw a large bear with a cub to the East of camp. They had heard the dogs and were of the conclusion that they had

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lost nothing about this camp. There for they were rapidly leaving to the East along the beach. Crawford and Galle imediatly followed and it is now 11 P.M. and they have not returned. The remaining three of us are about to turn in so I will relate their experiences in tomorrows entry. The woman has had several crying spells today and tells us that she was warned in Nome by a fortune-teller who told her to be careful of [firs] and Knives. We all have a great deal of use for Knives and she seeing us use them, and believing the fiction told her by the fortune teller is freightened stiff. A few minutes ago she asked me to get my rifle ready, and when she sleeps to kill her. In the next breath she asks us to save her life and not let anyone harm her. This happens half a dozen times a day. The main trouble seems to be an infatuation for Crawford. She want him to marry her and says hysterically that she would die for him. We treat her as nice as can be and one minute her spells look like sham and the next minute real. Light breeze from the N.W. Cloudy. Surf rising. Scattering cakes of ice. Later the boys arrived at 12 midnight reporting that they had been to the East 15 miles and apparently Roger's Harbor. the killed a female bear the two cubs the reason that they were so late getting home

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Oct 4 Tuesday

Max 29.5 Min 11.5 Still unable to haul logs for the house. I spent all day working on a stove for the trapping camp. The others spend the day at various small jobs about the camp. Light breeze from the North. Clear. Surf still bad. The woman has a spell of crying now and then but is better than the last few days. Working a little at winter boots

Oct 5 Wednesday

Max 32.5 Min 19.5 I spent most of the day on the stove. The others on various duties. Surf still too heavy for the dory. Light northerly breeze. Clear. The woman is working some and rather quiet now. Thank Heaven!!!!!!

Oct 6 Thursday

Max 38.2 Min 13.8 All hands at general duties. Waiting for a chance to haul logs for house Clear & calm. Too much surf for dory

Oct 7 Friday

Max 30.1 Min 16.3 I finished the stove today. Crawford made a transit for rough surveying. Others at general duties. The woman asked Crawford for a religious book yesterday and I gave her my Grandfather's "Prayer Book" We pointed out several passages in the book to her showing that every body should be Kind and work faithfully, and now she is Kind and faithful and sews continually. It is strange that for all the calm weather we get the surf does not go down. Why? Clear & Calm.

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Oct 8 Saturday

Max 23.6 Min 18.5 All hands hauled a large dory load of timbers for the house, in fact enough to finish our winter quarters. All we need now is snow for the walls and roof. Our seamstress is working ailigently and has are winter boots about finished Snowing. Light breeze from the S.W.

Oct 9 Sunday

Max 29.2 Min 21.8 It is snowing and there is not a great deal to do so all hands are taking it easy today. Mostly reading. Some large ice on the horizon to the South. Blowing a strong breeze from the S.S.E

Oct 10 Monday

Max 32.1 Min 14.9 This morning Galle went East ward to the 3 bears Killed intending to bring back a ham from one of the cubs but he returned with the information that the cubs had been nearly all eaten by the foxes. Hatched up the dogs for the exercise but did not go far for lack of snow. Cut a large pile of firewood. Light breeze from the S.S.E. A few pieces of ice on the horizon. Very light surf.

Oct 11 Tuesday

2 Bears Rather a good day for we about 1:30 Pm Galle saw a bear to the north of camp. Galle and maurer went after him but the bear saw them and ran to the west. The two men gave chase as the bear had been wounded whe he started to run. When about 3 miles W. of camp the pursued bear was rapidly

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Max 27.5 Min 16.8 gaining when a female bear with 2 cubs was seen approaching from the West. She came to where the boys were hidden and they killed the old bear and one cub, the other cub getting away. I left camp and went to help them. After finishing skinning Maurer returned to camp and Galle and I wlaid in wait for a large bear and cub approaching from the west. Darkness how ever coming on and the approaching bear's course rather uncertain We returned to camp. Eight bears were seen today and literally hundreds of tracks Calm and cloudy. No surf. A few large cakes of ice on the Horizon.

Oct 12 Wednesday

Max 22.8 Min 9.5 All hands stayed in camp all day and did various small jobs. Calm + cold. Young ice forming on the sea.

Oct 13 Thursday

Max 16.0 Min 4.5 1 Bear Galle and Crawford were just starting to take a walk to the west ward when Galle (who seems to always see things first) saw a bear near camp to the East. Crawford and Galle imediatly shot and wounded himer slightly and she took to the water. From along the beach abreast of himer and shot himer thru the head. She was about a two year old female, with not as much blubber.

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as the bears we have killed formerly and as usual, and empty stomach. Calm. cold and the sea rapidly freezing. Crawford had a fit or spasm today, with greatly distended pupils and distorted features. He turned deathly pale. Unconcious for perhaps 30 seconds. Hope it does not occur again for it did not look good to me, or the rest of us.

Oct 14 Friday

Max 22.0 Min -2.0 1 raven Crawford and Galle took a walk today to the west ward and did a little exploring. We had and idea that we were perhaps nearly to the west end of the island but they are sure that they saw a mountain at least 30 miles farther west. We think now that we are a little East of Doubtful Harbor. I shot one large raven. Calm and clear. The sea is covered with young ice.

Oct 15 Saturday

Max 10.2 Min 2.8 1 Bear I took a walk today a couple of miles East along the beach and found the cub bear that was wounded and got a way Oct 11. He had taken to the water and had drifted on the beach when I found him. General duties. Calm and clear. Ice forming rapidly.

Oct 16 Sunday

Max 25.4 Min -0.7 Spent most of the day sawing and spliting wood. The ice is milling about and

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is unsafe to go out on. Strong breeze from the East. Cloudy.

Oct 17 Monday

Max 23.5 Min 16.5 Nothing can be done today. Strong breeze from N.E. with heavily drifting snow. The ice left last night and only a few stray cakes to the ocean.

Oct 18 Tuesday

Max 26.5 Min 17.2 The only ice now in sight is the pressure ridge along the beach and a few scattering cakes on the horizon. There is a rather heavy surf on from the S.E. Drifting snow and strong breeze from the North

Oct 19 Wednesday

Max 22.8 Min 7.8 Spent the day putting snow blocks on the roof of the winter house. During the last 2 days The site of the house has filled with snow and will take a great deal of shoveling to clear it. Last night the last of the pressure ridge on the beach washed away and the water, caused by an a large surf caused us to go out and move our dory father up the beach. With luck and good weather we should be in our winter house in two or three days. Only a few scattering cakes of ice to be seen. Cloudy. Fresh breze from the North with light drifting snow.

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Oct 20 Thursday

Max 16.1 Min 1.2 Worked all day cleaning out house, building the ends and plugging roof and walls. Will build the stormshed tomorrow. Our seamstress has practically quit work and she will not give us any reason. Crawford who is the only one of us who has any influence with her told her today that if she did not finish the skin she has been scraping [at] for the last day or two by t night that she would be put on bread and water. That accelerated her a bitt but at bed time tonight the skin was not finished. Will try the "Sing-Sing" fare on her tomorrow. Ice can be seen on the sky line but none near shore. Light breeze for the North. Clear.

Oct 21 Friday

Max 15.4 Min -1.9 Built a snow stormshed in front of winter house today. The seamstress worked some but not enough to hurt any one. A few scattering cakes of ice to be seen. Fresh wind from N.E. Cold & Clear

Oct 22 Saturday

Max 16.6 Min -5.5 At last in our winter house. Spent all day moving. The house is a large frame house covered with snow blocks 4 x 24 feet with a snow storm shed in front 9 x 14 feet. in-side of frame house is two tenths one 8 x 10 and one 10 x 12 pitched end on end and sewed together. The floor is dirt There is a drawing here showing the house. Cold clear & calm.

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Oct 23 Sunday

Max 18.8 Min -1.5 Spent the day putting supplies in stormshed and getting camp in shape. Light Breeze from West. Ice forming slowly on this salt water Cold & Clear.

Oct 24 Monday

Max 21.5 Min -1.5 Crawford made a table for the Kitchen. Maurer made door for the front tent Galle and I did various necessary things xxxx about camp. The house is rather cold as yet but we are doing various things to make it comfortable. Light breeze from the N. Cloudy & warm. Very little ice in sight.

Oct 25 Tuesday

Max 10.3 Min -3.5 Mauer at work on other door. Crawford on table for living tent. Galle striaghtening up about camp. Myself busy at necessary things for our comfort. Cloudy & warm. Light breeze from the North. Young ice forming on the sea

Oct 26 Wednesday

Max 12.5 Min -2.0 Crawford making furniture. Maurer & Galle at work on door. Myself busy making sealing gear. Warm, cloudy and light breeze from North. Young ice came in during the night.

Oct 27 Thursday

Max 15.3 Min 7.5 After a rather late arising all four of us went to one cache of meat about 1 1/2 miles to the Westward and brought home around

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days dog feed. Fresh breeze from the N. Snowing. The sea covered with young ice. The seamstress is not doing much work and is nearly impossible to get her to do as much as she does. She will not talk and tell us the reason and at the present time it looks as tho we would have to make our own clothing. Crawford is doing his best with her for he seems to have more influence with her than any of the rest of us and he has a great deal of patience with her. It seems as tho as good horse whip around do more than anything else in the way of persuation but I am sure we will not resort to that.

NOTE

Crawford's diary states that the above entry should be Oct 28 Fri and not Oct 27 Thursday. We will both let our entry go as they are and straighten things out later when we learn the correct date.

Oct 28 Friday Max 16.5 Min 12.5 All hands busy about camp at various duties: The seamstress this morning refused to work but after some persuation by Crawford she finally went to work in a rather sulky manner. Light breeze from N. Snowing. The sea is ice covered.

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Oct 29 Saturday

Max 11.2 Min -5.2 All hands busy at various small jobs about camp. The sea is covered by rough young ice. Fresh breeze from N.E. Clear.

Oct 30 Sunday

Max 17.8 Min -7.5 Blosing a strong gale from the N.E. Unable to do any work out side. All the ice left the beach

Oct 31 Monday

Max 15.0 Min 1.0 All hands went with the sled & dogs to our two caches of bear meat to the Westward. The large bear & cub killed by Galle & Maurer was all eat eaten by birds and foxes. The first bear, Killed by Maurer & I had all been packed home by us excepting the head and neck which we brought. Also hauled some wood on the way to camp. Only scattering cakes of ice to be seen. Blowing fresh breeze from East with drifting snow. Cloudy & warm. The land is practically barren of snow but as soon as possible the auxillary trapping camp will be established

Nov 1 Tuesday

Max 23.8 Min 5.5 Inside all day. Blowing a gale from the East with drifting snow. A little young ice came in during the night. Very warm and the roof of our house is melting. Cloudy.

Nov 2 Wednesday

After making the entry last night for yesterday

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Max 30.0 Min 11.06 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxToday we hauled ice & cut wood. I started to make a sled for wood hauling out of lumber brought from Nome. The sea covered with young, broken-up ice. Fresh breeze from the East. Warm. Partly clear.

Nov 3 Thursday

Max 30.5 Min 16.5 Crawford and Galle, each with a back pack started at 1 P.M. for the mountains to climb the large mountain North of our camp. We have been calling this mountain "Berry Peak" as shown on the map, but East of us can be seen another mountain, which may be "Berry Peak", and until we are sure of our location we do not know which is which. The explorers will leave a record and monument on the mountain and Crawford intends to do some geological work. I worked on the wood sled & Maurer put in a floor in the tents of split logs. Cloudy & light breeze from the N.E. Sea is ice covered to the horizon

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Nov 4 Friday

Max Min Crawford & Galle arrived at camp at 8:30 P.M. It was blowing so hard in the mountains that they could not climb the highest of them. I worked on the wood sled & Maurer cut wood. Maurer & I went out on the ice about a quarter of a mile today and found it very badly broken up. Very warm & cloudy. Snowing. Strong breeze from N.E.

Nov 5 Saturday

Temp not taken Nearly finished wood sled today. Others at general duties. Cold & clear. Light breeze from N.W.

Nov 6 Sunday

Max 30.8 Min -3.5 Galle set out 10 traps to the Westward on the tundra. Galle (after he came home) built a snow home for storing purposes. I also worked on wood sled. Maurer cut wood and cleaned a bear skin. Dog feed is getting low so tomorrow I am going off shore to a large lead and try my luck at sealing. Clear. Cold & Calm all day. But now (10 P.M.) Cloudy & warm. Light breeze from North.

Nov 7 Monday

1 fox Galle went to his traps and found two traps gone. He got one fox and coming home in the dark he got slightly lost and saw a bear while wandering around trying to find his way home. He did

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Max 15.0 Min -2.0 not shoot it altho we are rather short of dog feed. He says that he did not know where he was so let bear go. The rest of us at general duties. Warm light breeze from the East. Cloudy.

Nov 8 Tuesday

2 foxes Max 18.1 Min +.4 Galle & Crawford went to traps & got a raven & two foxes. There are numerous ravens about here and they are a great nuisance. I finished the wood sled today. Maurer & I hauled ice & cut wood and Maurer cleaned & stretched a bear skin to be used for mittens. Cloudy and warm. Light breeze from the East.

Nov 9 Wednesday

Max 23.4 Min 12.8 1 fox Blowing a gale from the East with drifting snow. Galle went to traps today and got 1 fox. The rest of us stayed inside. Our seamstress is working rather well xxx skin mittens. The plans are for Crawford & Maurer to establish a camp about 12 or 15 miles to the East for trapping purposes. Our plans were for them to be at the camp by Nov 1 and we are rather late. As soon as some snow comes along comes a blow and away goes the snow, consequently

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sledding is impossible. If anything like present conditions had been anticipated a month ago every thing could be taken to the camp site by boat. The ice so rough that sledding on it is impossible unless a road is made by a tremendous amount of work. There is nothing to do but wait and grab the first opportunity for traveling. Blowing gale from E. Cloudy & warm

Nov 10. Thursday

Max 15.4 Min 6.3 1 fox Maurer & I hauled wood Galle to his traps. 1 fox. Crawford at work about camp Fresh breeze from East. Cloudy.

Nov 12. Saturday

Max 14.0 Min 9.4 Maurer & I went out on the ice today looking for open water, but found none. Saw serveral fox tracks and one old bear track. Galle got nothing in his traps today. xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Fresh breeze from East. Cloudy, warm & snowing. Land bare of snow

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The woman moved back in the house today saying that it was too cold in her snow house.

Nov 13 Saturday Sunday

Max 14.8 Min 6.9 1 fox All hands at general duties. Galle at his traps. 1 poor fured fox. I have left out the entry for Nov 11 but nothing of importance happened on that date. Yesterday and today (Nov 12 & 13) I have cooked corn meal for dog feed. No open water and the land bare of snow. Strong breeze from the East. Cloudy and warm

Nov 14 Sunday Monday

Max 21.3 Min 14.1 Galle to his traps, but caught nothing. The rest of us at various duties about camp. Blowing a strong breeze from the East. Warm & cloudy. Cooked dog feed

Nov 15 Monday Tuesday

Max 25.5 Min 16.5 1 fox Some time ago Maurer found a walrus carcass about 2 miles west of camp. As we have been out of dog food for three or four days I hitched up the dogs today and brought it home. It was this carcass of a 3/4 grown female and was nearly eaten, excepting the skin, by the foxes & bears. Today Crawford had some trouble with the woman but I was away at the [hike] and do not Know the details, so will leave to Crawfordto set down in his diary. Galle caught one fox. Cut wood and skimmed the walrus. All day it has been sleeting and is very

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warm & cloudy with strong breeze from the East (which seems to be the prevailing wind.) Tomorrow we are going to get things ready for the trapping camp, for we are loosing a great deal of valuable time.

Nov 16 Tuesday Wednesday

Max 28.4 Min 24.5 Galle to his traps. Nothing in them. The rest of us hauled ice & cut wood and worked on stores for trapping camp. A fox came into camp this evening and was caught & killed by a dog. The seamstress has not eaten anything today and refuses to say a word. The snow on our stormshed is melting and a heavy fall of sleet has been falling all day. Very warm cloudy & light gale from the East

Nov 17 Wednesday Thursday

Max 30.0 Min 24.4

All ready to start with trapping outfit. Will start early in morning to be at camp site by day break. Galle did not go to traps today. Very warm & sleeting all day. Breeze from South. Cloudy

Nov 18,19,20 Thursday Friday, Saturday & Sunday

18} Max 33.0 Min 30.6 Left camp at 6:15 a.m and traveled East for three hours thru heavy soft snow. Maurer, Crawford & G. Reached a small

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19} Max 33.7 Min 28.5

20} Max 32.0 Min 22.0 cove where wood seemed to be plentiful so stopped and erected a frame of drift wood for the 8x10 tent. Not having had any sleep the night previous we turned in Early and the 19^th Friday we hauled wood and cut blocks for the walls. The snow was poor about camp so blocks had to be cut on the hillside about 200 feet away. At dark it started to blow and snow and we were forced to quit but we had by that time put all the blocks on one side of the house. We finally decided that I should return to the main camp on the next morning the 20^th which, I did. During the night of the 19^th & 20^th one of the dogs (named Snowball) went crazy and became very dangerous, fighting with the other dogs & snaping at the men. He will not eat and continually barks at nothing. There is nothing that I can do as far as I Know, but I have given him two "cascara" pills "for luck". I arrived at camp at 12.30 p.m. and started to load the sled for the return trip tomorrow while we were gone Galle went to his traps but had no luck. On the depar-

30

ture of Crawford the native woman nearly went into hysterics and when I arrived today she wanted to go back with me. She said that she wanted Crawford to Marry her and he would not but she wanted to be near him for he might change his mind. I asked her if she came along with us with the intentions of marrying one of us and she replied that she had. She went on to say that "if Crawford would not have her she was willing to marry any one of the rest of us," rather a gloomy statement for us (???). This may all sound funny for the reader but I can assure him or her that it is not funny for the four of us to have a foolish female howling and refusing to work and eating all of our good grub. Heaven only knows what she is liable to do to her self or one of us and to be continually watching her gets rather monotonous. Clear. light air from the East. Colder.

Nov 21 Friday Monday Max 30.1 Min 12.8 Galle and I spent the day at the trapping camp helping put up snow walls. The

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seamstress was told by me not to leave camp but to do certain sewing but as it was getting dark she came to the trapping camp tired out. She said that she wanted to see Crawford & Maurer and say "hello". She evidently has hopes yet of getting a "man" we brought her home on the sled. The sick dog died about 8 a.m. today in violent convulsions, and great care is being taken that no other dogs get around the place where he was tied. Cold, slightly cloudy. Calm

Nov 22 Tuesday Sunday

Max 14.0 Min 2.2 I spent all day with the team hauling wood at the trapping camp. Galle went to traps but caught nothing. When Galle arose this morning he found that some time during the night the "foolish female" had left (with a lantern) for the other camp. When I got there Crawford and I decided that I would not take her back home on the sled, and that he would not let her in their tent. Crawford and I told her explicitly yesterday not to leave the main camp again, but as she had done so she would either have to walk back or sleep out all night. She came home at 7.30p.m. tired out.

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She surely understands what she is told for she talks, reads and writes English very well, but she seems to have her mind set on doing the opposite of what she is supposed to do. Cloudy, calm.

Nov 23 Sunday Wednesday

Max 24.0. Min 20.2 The seamstress refuses to patch a pair of boots to day so I tied her to the flag pole until she promised to repair them. Kindness failing to accelerate I am trying something of a more forceful means. Galle to his traps nothing. I cut wood and did several small jobs necessary. Clear. Cold. Light air from North.

Nov 24 Thursday

Max 26.6 Min 12.4 1 male fox Galle went to traps and caught one fox. I went out on the ice early this morning looking for open water hoping to get some seals or bears for dog feed. I went several miles to the west ward but as walking on the ice is nearly impossible because of the soft snow, I came ashore and returned home to camp. Two bears had been close to camp to west a short time before but buthad become frightened and had gone out on the ice. Before leaving camp in the morning I told

33

our seamstress (?) to make some skin socks and mittens, and told her to start scraping a deer skin. When I returned from out on the ice I found her gone, where I could not acertain. I hitched up the dogs and put up a pole with a box nailed to it half way between this camp and the other camp. I then went to the other camp with some traps and incedentals for them and returned home, bringing a load of wood with me. When I arrived at camp I found Galle home and the seamstress just arrived. She said that she had been out on the ice wandering around following a fox track. That is all I could get out of her. Consequently she went supperless to bed. She will not work and sits about and disobeys orders and eats up our food and is being paid $50 a month for doing the opposite, always. Some times I think she is a little touched in the head and other times just plain ornery. Strong breeze from East. Cold. Cloudy

Nov 25 Friday

Max 30.5 Min 21.5 Blowing a light gale all day from the East with drifting snow as Galle and I celebrated Thanksgiving (which came yesterday) and stayed in camp. Cut wood and repaired snow roof

34

of the house. On arriving found the woman gone again and followed her tracks toward the trapping camps for a short distance. If she does not come home tonight or in the morning I will hitch up the dogs and go to the other camp to see if she is there. It looks as tho it will take one man to watch her constantly, for if anything serious happens to her it will be a reflection on Mr. Stefansson and us when we get back to Nome.

Nov 26 Saturday

Max 29.0 Min 21.0 Hitched up dogs and went to trapping camps to see if the woman had gone there. Arrived and found that she had not been seen there. Crawford decided to return to main camp with me and look for her tomorrow. Galle arrived from the West ward as we got home stating that he had found her tracks going west along the beach. They followed the beach from camp about 4 miles and then zig-zaged N.W. for 4 or 5 miles farther where Galle turned back. Where he left the tracks to return the tracks were going N.N.W. as far as we can determine she took no food with her, but we think she took

35

a night gown and a suit of underwear. All day yesterday the weather was bad, blowing a light gale from the East with drifting snow, which continued all night and today, turning colder some time during the night. Crawford and I will follow the tracks tomorrow with the dogs. No foxes in Galles traps. Strong breeze from the East. Cold, drifting snow.

Nov 27 Sunday

Max 14.0 Min 6.5 Crawford and I hitched up the dogs this morning and followed the tracks Galle had formed yesterday. After traveling just an hour West, we saw something dark on the harbor to West and by aid of the glasses saw that it was "the lost one".She was walking very slowly toward camp with her usual camp clothing on over which was a double Siberian native reindeer suit, making her look like, from a distance, an inverted sack of spuds. Under her outer garments was a suit of underwear and a night gown. We bundled her on the sled and brought her home, where she now sits, moping. Crawford tried to ascertain what her objective in leaving was and where she had been but to no avail. She did say, however, that she had taken a few hard bread with her, and she did not

36

seem to be very hungry when she arrived here Galle to his traps. No luck. Strong breeze from N.W with a little drifting Snow Clear & Cold

Nov 28 Monday

Max -- Min 7.4 I took Crawford to his camp today with the dogs. Some time during the night the ice went out for about a mile, leaving a strip about 1/2 mile wide on the beach at this camp. At the other camp the ice left the beach entirly. Going and coming I could not see a sign of a seal. Will spend the day tomorrow at the lead. Galle to his traps. No luck. The woman has done practically nothing today except wash a few dishes. Crawford asked her this morning if she intended to run away again and she said "maybe." She wanted to go to the other camp with us (as usual) but when we said no, she was as usual disappointed. Cold, calm, & clear. Cooked for the dogs today.

Nov 29 Tuesday

Max 1.0 Min -1.0 Galle and I overslept this morning and it was after noon before we finished breakfast so we cut a large amount of wood and rebuilt a part of the roof of the stormshed which had settled and I cooked dog feed. All of us have one

37

pair of skin socks apiece and all have, excepting Galle, a pair of skin mitts apiece. For the last two days the female has absolutely refused to make a pair of mitts for Galle and tonight she goes to bed supper less. A few minutes ago Galle caught her stealing some hard bread and I refused to let her eat it. She certainly is a trial to ones patience. No open water in sight. Cloudy all day but now (9.15 P.M.) Clear and cold. Slight breeze from the N. N. W.

Nov 30 Wednesday

Max 2.0 Min -10.0 I went out to open water today, about 1 1/2 miles out from the beach. The only way I could get near the water was by going out on a point drawing of water and ice on the beach of ice which was badly broken up (marked by cross) This young ice was only 10 inches thick and rather insecure. At the same time a very strong breeze was blowing off shore and after staying on this point an hour I've turned home. The lead was so wide that I could not see the ice on the other side and quite a sea was running in it. I did not see a seal, but crossed 2 old bear tracks and 3 or 4 fairly recent fox tracks. Galle went to his traps but got nothing. He returned

38

to camp just a few minutes before I did and famed the native woman just leaving camp. She had with her a heavy woolen shirt-wasit that she had brought from home. She told Galle that she was going to the mountains inland, of course he told her to remain at camp. She also stated to Galle that she would not go to the other camp again for she was at last convinced that Crawford did not "want her". Blowing all day but now, 7 P.M. X Clear, cold, and calm.

Dec 1 Thursday

Max 0.5 Min - 10.0 Galle and I decided last night to start a daylight saving system so we set our clocks accordingly. But we set them the wrong way and got up at noon. Galle set out a few more traps and I hitched up the dogs and took a few things to the other camp that I had forgotten the last trip. Maurer found the skeleton of a large walrus East of their camp but he said that the bones were picked clean, and not worth while for dog feed. They have not seen a fresh fox track for several days and no bear tracks. [Crawford, Allan R., 1901-1923|[Crawford]], several days ago, lost a trap as the dead man did not hold. Both Crawford and Maurer have several traps out apiece. The open water comes into the beach at their camp and altho they have

39

watched diligently, they have not seen a seal. (Paragraph symbol) As I was leaving camp this morning. The woman had to be forcibly thrown off the sled, altho yesterday she stated that she would not go to the other camp again, she still refuses to work and therefore is going without meals, altho Galle and I know that she has all she wants to eat while we are gone. I saw a raven here this morning. Clear, colder and calm.

Dec 2 Friday

Max - 5.0 Min - 19.0 Galle went to traps but got nothing. Saw one fresh fox track and a bear track about 2 days old. I could see no chance to do any sealing as the lead seems to be frozen over so I put out some traps to The East, along the beach. I saw one fresh fox track The woman just sits and mopes and still refuses to do anything. Light breeze from the N.E. Clear. Saw a raven today.

Dec 3 Saturday

Max - 4.0 Min - 17.0 No open water to be seen this morning so I set out some more traps in land. No fox tracks. Galle went to his traps but no luck. No fox tracks seen by him. The woman is sitll moping. Will not answer us when we speak to her. Calm, cloudy, and warmer

Dec 4 Sunday

Max 1.0 Min - 17.0 Galle and I remained in camp all day. No open water. Cut wood, carried ice and did various small jobs about the camp. The female is still mopeing, and I indevored in vain

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today to find the reason. Cloudy, warm, & calm. Looked for the dogs.

Dec 5 Monday

Max 3.0 Min -2.8 Galle went to his traps. No luck. I went to mine, excepting one, which I could not find, and also had no luck, altho I saw a couple of fresh tracks. Nothing but mopes from the Woman. Cold, clear, & calm

Dec 6 Tuesday

Max 0.0 Min -19.0 Galle to his traps. No luck, but saw two fresh tracks. I went to the other camp and helped them cut up some big logs xxx about a mile this side of their camp. Returning home I saw four fresh fox tracks. Brought home a load of wood. No change in the female. Clouding up. Warmer and light breeze from N.W. N.

Dec 7 Wednesday

Max - 12.0 Min -23.0 Galle and I hauled wood today. In the afternoon it started to blow from N.W.W. and is blowing a light gale with drifting snow. No change in The "Seamstress"

Dec 8 Thursday

Max -4.0 Min -14.0 Galle & I went to traps. No luck. I have some traps inland and as the tundra is very level the only way I can find them is by following my former tracks, but to day it was so cloudy and dark that I could not see them and had to give it up. Blowing a strong breeze from the N. Open water seen

41

Drifting this afternoon, both of us will try sealing tomorrow

Dec 9 Friday

Max -9.0 Min -17.0 Galle and I went sealing to day in a lead about 2 miles S. W. of camp. It is so wide that ice could not be seen on the other side. On our arrival at the lead two seals popped up and after some rather inefectual shooting I killed one which floated rapidly East to some young ice where we could not get at it. At this time a gale suddenly arose from the North with heavily drifting snow and we were forced to return to camp. The blow lasted until 8 P. M. this evening but it is now calm & nearly clear. We saw several fox tracks along the edge of the lead, but no bear tracks. Will try our luck again tomorrow. The woman is still the same. Refuses to talk.

Dec 10 Saturday

Max -6.0 Min-16.0 Galle and I built an alley way in front of the storm shed, for previously after every blow we had to dig away a great drift from the door. Galle is not feeling good this evening. Complains of his head and stomach bothering him. Probably indigestion xxxx breeze from the N. Drifting but clear over head.

Dec 11 Sunday

Max -4.0 Min -8.5 Open water was to be seen all along the horizon this morning at day break as Galle and I set

42

out to the S.E. We arrived at the spot where I had killed the seal 2 days ago but we could not find it. The open water was still farther out so we continued S.E. over very thin ice untill we were about 3 miles from camp. We could see the lead a quarter of a mile farther out which could not be reached for the ice was only a few hours old. The open water ran in an East & West direction direction and about 2 miles went of us a point of ice ran South from the beach. We retraced our tracks nearly in to the beach and arrived at last at the point where the same condition confronted us an at the spot we had left. There was nothing to do but to return to camp which we reached just before dark. The dogs have been, now for several weeks with out blubber and only cooked food, and consequently, are rather poor, altho they are not doing much. As trapping has been very poor latly, I am taking Galle with me, for I figure that two men sealing is a great deal better than one. Also for each [xxx][ xxx] for a great deal of thin ice must be crossed to to reach the lead. We still refuse to give bel the women a thing to eat, she continues to steal grub (hard bread, mostly) and xxx refuses to do work. I think, however, she is

43

xxxxxx Light breeze from the N. Cloudy.

Dec 12 Monday

Max -5.5 Min -12.0 Blowing a gale from the W.N.W. this morning so Galle & I got a big gole off our hands. We built a dog house, by digging out a large room in a snow drift and all around small chambers dug, one for each dog. The door opens in our ally way so one does not have to go outside to feed the dogs, rather inconvienent in stormy weather. The temperature dropped last night to -29° so the dogs were glad to get in - side. We also cut some wood. Open water could be seen to the Southand and if in sight tomorrow we will try sealing. The gale let up about 5 P. M and now (10:30 P.M) Clear, cold and light br. from the N.N.W. XXXXXXXXX

Dec 13 Tuesday

Max -14.0 Min -29.0 1 Bear Arose early to go sealing but there was a fresh breeze from the N. Cloudy and foggy, consequently nearly dark. Galle went to his traps and I went to the trapping camp and hauled a big log for fire wood A bear had been at their camp yesterday and had tried to come into their storm shed, but he left rather hurridly after some inefectual shooting. It was nearly dark when I started home and blowing a gale from the N. and drifting so thickly that at times I could not see the leader. But

44

like the good dog he is, he did not leave the trail once. But the best news of all was the news I received from Galle. Coming home about an hour before me he saw a bear along side of the house eating some walrus skin. He shot once and hit the bear which, however, did not stop until Galle fired again, the bear being by this time on the ice. The bear was skinned and cut up when I got home. About a 2 year old female, poor and nothing in the stomach. I saw one fresh fox track. and Galle Clear over head, but blowing a strong gale from the N. with drifting snow

Dec 14 Wednesday

Max -11.0 Min -35.0 Blowing a gale all day from the W. The new dog house was about full of snow, and we dug it out, cut some wood and kept inside. Now (11P.M.) wind going down some. Cloudy & cold. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Dec 15 Thursday

Max -20.0 Min -33.0 Blowing a strong gale all day from the East so did not go out of the house

Dec 16 Friday

Max -5.0 Min -33.0 I went to the other camp today, taking them some bear meat, and hauled some wood for them. Galle went to traps but got nothing. He saw a bear out in the ice but before he could get within shooting distance, the bear turned out on the

young ice. When Galle arrived home from his traps he found the woman and her two suit cases ready to depart for the mountains. As I arrived home, some time later, she came back, minus the suitt cases but with a pack on her back of things she had removed from the aforsaid suit cases. She had cached them inland some where. Galle found as she was leaving that she had a great amount of dried figs and some hard bread which he let her have. We refused to let her in the house unless she would promise to sew, and as she would not promise she is out side in an old snow-house I made some time ago. The weather is warm and calm and no harm can befall her. No open water in sight. Light breeze from the East. Cloudy & warm

Dec 17 Saturday.

Max + 22.5 Min -5.0 Blowing hard all day from all directions between East & West and snowing very hard. Stayed in camp all day. The woman was allowed to come in the house this morning and after sitting around in the same old way I told her that she would have to sleep outside after this if she did not work. A few minutes after she came to me and asked me what

46

she should make. I told her mitts & socks and she started getting sinew ready for sewing. She worked at that until supper and I told her she could also eat xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx now sewing industriously. Hope it lasts, but think it doubtful. I intended going to the other camp today to haul wood, but the weather was too bad. About 3 1/2 hours of day light now.

December 18 Sunday

Max +19.0 Min -6.0 I went today to the other camp and hauled a load of wood for them and on the way home I hauled a large load for ourselves. Galle went to his traps. No luck, altho he saw a few fresh tracks. The trappers at the other camp have not caught a thing sofar, and it has been some time since they saw a fox track. After the heavy fall of snow yesterday, sleding is difficult. In all places the snow is at least ankle deep and quite often knee deep. The traps I set along the beach some time ago, I looked for today, but could not find a one. There is just enough of the bear Galle killed to last one more day and I have been rather close in feeding. No open water in sight today. If there is open water to

47

morrow I will go sealing. The woman has worked industriously all day scraping skins. Maurer & Crawford are planning coming to this camp Xmas. Clear, calm & cold.

Dec 19 Monday

max -3.0 min -25.0 Galle and I hauled wood today. The woman is working industriously, but is very slow. Finished a pair of mittens for Galle today. Saw a raven flying about camp. I cooked for dogs to day as the bear meat is nearly gone. About 4 P.M. a light gale arrose from the East with drifting snow. We do not like to see this wind for the ice does not go out with it. Cloudy.

December 20 Tuesday

max -8.5 min -29.5 Over slept this morning, but no harm done for it was blowing a gale from the East and snowing. We straightened up about camp and cleaned up the stormshed. The woman is very industrious and has been very gay all day, especially after I told her that Crawford and Maurer would be down for Xmas. Blowing a gale now from the West and snowing. Cloudy

December 21 Wednesday

max 19.5 min -9.0 Blowing a strong gale from the West, so did not go out today. The woman is working like a Trojan and arose this morning at 6 o clock to bake bread. The dogs are inside and comfortable. Nothing to do until the blow is over. Cloudy.

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Dec 22 Thursday

max -9.0 min -17.0 Blowing still this A.M. so stayed at camp. When getting dark the wind stopt and we cut several days wood. Just be for dark water sky appeared to the S.W. of camp. Now (8 P.M). Light air from the N. Cloudy. The woman is doing wonderfully well.

Dec 23 Friday

max -12.5 min -25.0 Arose early this morning. Galle intending to visit his traps, and I intending going to the other camp. While eating breakfast a strong gale arose from the East with thickly drifting snow. Had to stay inside. Galle is working on a wind gage. The woman is doing wonderfully well, baking, cooking, washing dishes, and sewing. Clear over head.

Dec 24 Saturday

max -7.5 min -17.2 1 fox 1 fox [Galle, Milton Harvey Robert, 1902-1923|Galle]] to his traps. One fox. I went to other camp and found that a bear had been in their camp this morning while they were asleep but before they got out it had become frightened and ran away. Maurer got one fox. The snow on the beach is very rough for the last blow has made some enormous drifts. Open water all along the horizon. Clear, cold. Light haze from the East.

December 25 Sunday Xmas

Spending the day doing nothing but eating

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max -7.2 min -17.0 altho we are not hungry. Potatoes "a la" O'Brien cake, bread + butter, coffee. Clear. Light breze from North

Dec 26 Monday

max -12.3 min -26.0 Hauled wood today. Open water to be seen but over slept. Light breeze from North. Clear + cold.

Dec 27 Tuesday

max -19.0 min -28.0 After making the entry for yesterday I went out to look at the dogs, and found one of them dead. He was lying streatched out in the same position as the former dog that died. We hauled wood and at one time I thot I saw him slightly staggar, but as he seemed to be working all O.K. I paid no attention to it. He ate his food and when I fed him he was apparently all right. He was one of our best dogs and as the "Bingville Bugle" says "His loss will be greatly felt in the community." Stayed inside today. Blowing a gale with drifting snow from the North. Cloudy. The seamstress is doing very well and is cheerful.

Dec 28 Wednesday

max +5.0 min -21.0 Awoke early intending to go to other camp today, but it was blowing a light gale from the N. so slept some more. Cut wood and played cards. Hope the weather is better in the morning.

Dec 29 Thursday

max +5.0 min -20.5 Stayed here today. Blowing a fresh breze from the N. One of the dogs is acting like the first

50

dog that died. If we lose him we lose pur best dog. Cloudy.

Dec 30 Friday Maurer xxxxxx

max -6.6 min -14.3 Maurer & I, with the dogs went to the other camp this morning, hauling an enormous log, which we picked up to the camp.

Dec 31 Saturday

max -6.2 min -16.3 We hauled a large load of wood from the Eastward over very bad going. Then we went West for about a mile and picked up some logs which Maurer & Crawford had cut some time previously. Cooked dog feed outside. Cloudy. Light breeze from the North.

JANUARY 1 1922

max -7.4 min -21.5 Maurer & I hauled one large load of wood from the East. The dogs are weak from the lack of proper food and it is all that we can do to get them to get home with one load. Note. Last night Crawford came from the trapping camp as he was out hunting for bears. As the trappers have been at their camp for a month and have only caught one fox and as the wood is so very hard to haul we think that the best thing to do is for every one to live at the main camp un until the trapping gets better. We have all decided that this plan is the best. Crawford re turned to the main camp after having something

51

to eat. Clear. Fresh breeze from the North.

Jan. 2 Monday.

max - 7.0 min - 19.0 Maurer & I returned to main camp after hauling a load of wood from the East ward. On the way we cut up a large log to be hauled to the trapping camp later. Light breeze from North. Cloudy

January 3 Tuesday

max - 5.0 min - 19.4 Blowing a gale from The North so stayed inside all day.

Jan 4 Wednesday

max - 5.2 min - 13.3 No open water in sight, so hauled & cut wood. Calm, cloudy & warm. Note. On the night of Dec 30 while at the trapping camp one of the dogs killed a fox which came into camp.

Jan 5 Thursday

max - 6.9 min -13.1 Thick & cloudy all day. Crawford took a walk to the East but saw no bear or fox tracks. Galle went to the Westward and saw one old bear track and no fox tracks. Water sky a long way to the S.W. Light breeze from the East with occasional flurries

Jan 6 Friday

max - 7.0 min - 15.0 Crawford & Maurer took a walk South on the ice and found open water a couple of miles off shore that we could not see from camp. They loooked for seal for some time but saw no signs of them. They did see several fox tracks. On January 2nd Crawford killed a fox here with a shotgun. Light breeze from

52

the west. Clear

Jan 7 Saturday

max - 5.5 min - 16.2 Blowing a strong gale all day from the West. Cut enough wood to tide us overnight.

January 8 Sunday

max - 12.0 min - 24.5 On awakening this morning it was blowing a gale from the West, so we stayed in bed and slept longer. About 2 P.M. the wind went down so we cut some wood. Open water seen to the E.E. & S. West. Calm & clear. 11 P.M.

January 9 Monday

max -10.8 min - 25.5 All hands arose long before daylight and I & Galle hauled a load of wood. We then went to the S.W. on the ice about 3 miles to open water. Two & possibly three seals were seen and Crawford got a shot at one and missed. While standing at regular distances along the lead two ducks flew along the lead from the East and [at] about 100 yds from me and seemed to be feeding, at least they stayed for about 15 minutes and then flew West; I would liked to have got a shot at them but I did not think there was the least chance of a hit. As near as I could tell they seemed to be "Odd Squaws" at least they were about the same size. It was very cold and blowing strongly from the West and no

51

seals to be seen excepting those already mentioned we returned home, seeing a raven on the way. Just after arriving at camp Crawford shot a fox a few feet from the house. Between the dogs and the shotguns, it looks as if the traps will come in second. A few fox tracks on the ice but none seen on the beach. Cold, clear & calm

January 10 Tuesday

max -20.5 min -30.8 Crawford & Maurer went off on the ice and along the lead saw two bear tracks, fresh, going south. They followed them for some distance but had give it up for darkness. Galle and I hauled wood and then cleaned up the dog house. I was in the dog house & Galle saw a bear 1/2 mile East of camp coming our way. The wind was West and when about 1/4 of a mile from camp the bear smelled camp and was gone like a flash, to seaward. We had, of course, by this time our guns and was trying to sneak up on him and when he ran we followed him for a short distance but gave it up as it was nearly dark. A few minutes later the others came home following the tracks of the same bear which had, in turn, followed our tracker home from the lead, yesterday. Had the wind been from any other direction today

54

than West, the bear would have been ours. The woman is again on a strike, accompanied by a deluge of tears. Why? None of us Know. Cloudy and warm.

January 11 Wednesday

max -14.0 min -30.0 At day break all hands went off shore for about 2 miles to a lead running East & West. We spread along the lead for about 3/4 of a mile and stayed there till nearly dark. Two seals were seen by Galle about half a mile farther out in a patch of open water among the slush ice. None, however, came near us. We were on the land fast ice but the slush was moving Westerly and would occasionaly stop for a few minutes and go South. Then the Westerly drift would continue at about a mile per hour. All this in a dead calm. Crawford saw a bear track. A few fox tracks traveling along the lead. Two ravens seen flying East. Warm & cloudy. Blowing strong breeze (11 P.M) from N.W.

January 12 Thursday

max -5.0 min -19.8 Blowing strong from the N.W. so stayed inside all day xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx

55

January 13 Friday

max -5.0 min -20.0 Dark, cloudy & overcast all day so stayed in camp. A fox came into camp and Crawford shot and missed it. Cut wood and got ice Dead calm. Cloudy & snowing.

January 14 Saturday

max -3.5 min -20.0 Blowing a gale with heavily drifting snow from the S.E. We could not do a thing outside. xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxThe weather is warm and she will be all night. I am sure she is the most stubborn creature I have ever Known

January 15 Sunday

max -0.5 min -7.5 Crawford & Maurer took a walk to the Westward but saw nothing. Galle and I cut wood. Calm & cloudy. Snowing.

January 16 Monday

max +9.0 min -9.0 Snowing and cloudy. Crawford & Maurer to a short walk to the Eastward. Saw nothing. Galle & I at general duties. Cloudy & calm. Saw a raven today.

January 17 Tuesday

max +3.0 min -9.0 Snowed hard all night. This morning the ground was covered by 6 to 8 inches of fluffy snow. Hauled wood and cut some. Shortly before dark open water appeared to the S.W. Nearly dark, so did not go. The woman is working fine. Calm & Cloudy

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January 18 Wednesday.

max +4.0 min -19.0 A day of hard luck. After breakfast Crawford and Maurer went East to the lead and forgot the retreiver. Galle & I followed in a few minutes and when about 1/2 mile from them Crawford shot a seal which started to drift East. When we got to where they were we could not get within 100 yds of the seal so had to do nothing but hope that the current would change. An hour or so later Maurer shot a seal about 75 feet from the edge of the firm ice. I took the retreiver and got him to the edge of the slush ice, about 30 feet from me. The seal there became detached from the retreiever and went under the slush. Altho we watched till dark with the retreiver we did not see him again. By this time the other seal had disappeared completly. The land and ice was covered by a layer of fluffy snow about 6 inches deep and walking was difficult. Blowing a gale from the East and drifting heavily, The woman was sick at her stomach last night and a little sick this afternoon. Give her some "Cascara" pills. She is working very well however.

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January 19 Thursday

Max + 4.0 Min - 13.0 Blowing furiously from the East so had to stay inside. Started a sled-raft couvering by taking lengths of our heavy sail canvass and sewing them together, two stitches on each seam with sewing machine and one by hand. The finished couver will be about 9 x 16. The seamstress complains of a head ache and when I gave her some "Asperin"XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

January 20 Friday

max + 7.0 min - 8.0 Still blowing. I worked most of the day on raft couver and others cut wood, got ice etc. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

January 21 Saturday

max +13.5 min - 5.0 Still blowing fairly hard. Maurer & Crawford went to open water about a mile S. W. of here and they said the whole Ocean was open. They stayed till nearly dark, but saw nothing. Galle cleaned out the dog house and I nearly finished the raft-couver. The seamstress is doing fairly well today. Strong breeze from the East. Cloudy & drifting.

January 22 Sunday

Crawford & Maurer went went out on the ice in a snow

58

max +14.0 min +3.3 storm but Maurer fell thru thin ice and the returned to camp. Galle cleaned out the storm - shed and I finished the raft couver. The seamstress busy repairing water boots. Snowing, drifting and strong breeze from E.S.E

January 23 Monday

max +6.5 min -0.5

Hitched up the dogs at daybreak and all hands went looking for open water. We first went South and then East but did not find a lead. Returned to camp and hauled a load of wood and cut some. The woman is working O.K. today. Saw a raven flying over camp. Snowing. Light breeze from East. Cloudy.

January 24 Tuesday

Max +7.5 Min - 7.5 No open water today so stayed in camp. Fresh breeze from the West. Cold & Clear.

January 25 Wednesday

Max - 0.5 Min - 22.0 Sun observed first time today Saw what appeared like open water this A.M. so all hands went with the sled off shore about 3 miles. The ice was grinding and steam was arising from slush in the cracks, but no open water was visible. Returned to camp and cut wood. The sun was visible above the horizon about 5° at the highest. Woman doing O.K. Clear cold and variable winds.

January 26 Thursday

max -16.0 min -31.0

Blowing and drifting all day from the East so stayed indoors.

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January 27 Friday

max -5.0 min -28.5 Strong breeze all day from the East with snow. Galle and I hauled a load of wood. No open water and no fox tracks seen. Cloudy. Raven seen over camp.

January 28 Saturday

max +7.0 min -6.0 No open water today. Stayed in camp. Snowing & fresh breeze from the East. Warm.

January 29 Sunday

max +8.0 min +2.5 Crawford and I started for the other camp this morning to see how things were there but going was so hard that at the half-way box we turned back. The snow was ankle deep and sometimes knee deep and we decided to wait for a blow before going again. Saw one fresh fox track and one several days old. Cut wood, cleaned out dogs house etc. Clear. Fr breeze from E.

January 30 Monday

max +2.5 min -13.0 Snowing and warm all day. No open water so stayed in camp. Variable breezes. Cloudy.

January 31 Tuesday

max-5.5 min-22.5 Crawfords 21st birthday. No open water. Cut wood, hauled ice etc. Clear, cold fresh breeze N.

February 1 Wednesday

max-5.5 min-31.5 Maurer and Galle took a walk to the westward over Galle's trap line. I had not been visited for several weeks but nothing had been about the traps so it was just as well. Several fox tracks have been seen about the carcasses of the two dogs which died. They are on the ice

60

in front of camp. Galle placed several traps around the dogs and before going to bed one trap had a fox. Clear, cold, & calm.

February 2 Thursday

max -27.0 min -37.0 1 raven seen Another fox in the traps this morning. No open water to be seen. Clear, cold, and calm.

February 3 Friday

max -28.5 min -37.5 Galle and I, with the team, went about 2 1/2 miles W. of camp today and cut up a lot of logs in lengths for hauling. Coming home we brought a load with us. Crawford & Maurer cut wood, got ice etc. Cold, clear, and strong breeze from the East. The only fox tracks we saw today were all within a half mile of camp, apparently the tracks of the two foxes already noted as caught. No signs of open water.

February 4 Saturday

max -30.0 min -38.5 Blowing a strong breeze and drifting from the East so stayed inside most of the day. Cut wood and general duties. No open water. Clear. Still cooking dog feed.

February 5 Sunday

max -14.0 min -38.8 Blowing strong breeze all day and drifting from the East. Stayed inside. Cloudy & warm.

February 6 Monday

max +2.0 min -20.5 Open water appeared about noon today to the South. All hands went with the sled & dogs but when about 1 1/2 mi off shore the lead

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seemed to be closing. Crawford and Maurer turned back to camp and Galle and I went a mile or so farther thru very rough ice and deep soft snow, and climbing a high pressure ridge saw that the lead had disappeared. Open water then was seen to the East but too far away to go to today. One old fox track, and no bear tracks seen. Cut wood and general duties. Cloudy, fresh breeze from the West.

February 7 Tuesday

max +3.0 min -7.5 Blowing a fresh breeze from the East all day. Galle and I hauled wood and others at general duties. Water sky appeared in the West a long way off later this afternoon. No fox tracks seen. I forgot to state in yesterdays entry that when Galle and I were about three miles off shore on the ice we saw a very high mountain peak inland which towered above all the other peaks in sight. Will investigate it later in the season. Cloudy, warm strong br. & drifting from the E.

February 8 TuesdayWednesday

max 0.0 min -7.5 Blowing a gale all day from the East and drifting. Stayed inside. Calm now (11 P.M) and all hands hoping for open water, for the rolled oats and rice will still soon be gone if we have to cook dog feed much longer. Cloudy and warm

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Feburary 9 WednesdayThursday

max +9.0 min +1.0

Galle and I hauled a load of wood today and cut up and stacked a several logs. There is about enough wood to the West ward for 2 or 3 months yet and then we will have to start hauling from the East ward. No fox or bear tracks to be seen. Crawford and Maurer cut wood carried ice and general duties. No open water or signs of water to be seen. The woman has been working diligently for a long time now and excepting an occasional spell of crying seems to be contented. Cloudy, cold and light breeze from the West.

Feburary 10 Thursday. Friday

max +7.0 min -18.0 No open water in sight so stayed abed later (!) then usual. Cloudy and a light breeze from the West and snowing. I have been thinking of establishing a camp on the North coast of the island in the spring for the purpose of drying meat for several reasons; [viz]- should Mr. Stefansson in tend to make an ice trip from the island. The fact that the meat is on the N. side of the island will save a great deal of hauling over the mountains or around the coast, if we dried the meat at this camp. Also that I think that there should be two camps of two men each. Another reason is, that if Mr. V. does not or can not come next summer we will have all fall to haul the meat to this camp and

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with the meal that will be put up here will go a long way to tide us over the winter. Should Mr. S. decide not to stay on the island it will be a small matter to go by ship and pick up the meal which will be on a point or some other place which a ship can reach easily. I have talked this over with Crawford and he agrees with me on this as a good plan.

February 11 Friday. Saturday

max -6.0 min -18.0 Galle and I hauled a load of wood from the Westward. Saw no fox or bear tracks. Crawford and Maurer hauled ice & cut wood. Fresh breeze from the East. Clear. The woman is repairing our water boats for the spring as she has nothing else to do at present.

Feburary 12 Saturday Sunday

max -7.5 min -26.5 Did nothing but the chores today. Blowing a fresh breeze from the East. Cloudy.

Feburary 13SundayMonday

max -8.0 min -27.0 Galle and I hauled a load of wood. Crawford and Maurer cleaned ofout the stove and pipe. Got one fox in the traps set near camp altho while haul - ing wood we did not see a track. Cloudy, calm & warm

Feburary 14 MondayTuesday

max +6.0 min -24.5 Blowing a strong breeze and snowing all day so stayed inside. Cloudy & warm

Feburary 15 Tuesday Wednesday

max +8.0 min -6.5 Blowing a strong gale from the West. StaStayed indoors. Warm

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Feburary 16 Wednesday Thursday

max +6.5 min -9.0 No open water in sight, until just about dark when fair indications of water appeared a long way to the East. Stayed indoors. Cloudy & cold. Strong breeze from the East.

Feburary 17 ThursdayFriday

max -3.0 min -28.5 Galle and I hauled a load of wood. Mar Crawford and Maurer cut wood and got ice. Last night was the coldest it has been since we have been on the island -40°. No tracks of any kind seen. Cold, clear and light creeze from the East. If weather permits Crawford and I may go to the other camp tomorrow for sone some things that we are out of here and to see if there are any fox tracks up in that direction

Feburary 18 FridaySaturday

max -25.0 min -40.0 Blowing a strong breeze from the East and I had a bad head ache so did not go to the other camp. Cold & clear.

Feburary 19 SaturdaySunday

max -22.0 min -38.0 Blowing all day from the West and very cold. Dug out the dog house and cut wood. Just before dark water sky appeared to the South & East. If weather permits will try sealing tomorrow. Now (11 P.M) calm, clear, & cold.

Feburary 20 SundayMonday

max -19.0 min -37.0 Open water signs about 7 or 8 miles off shore. -40°and a fresh breeze from the East so did not go out. Clear & Cold

Feburary 21 Monday Tuesday

Galle and I hauled a big load of wood from

65

max -27.0 min -44.4 The Westward. Maurer & Crawford cut wood and got ice. Misty and cloudy as it started to blow strong from the E.N.E. at 3:30 P.M. The wood will soon have to be hauled from the East ward or else a long way from the West. Crawford and I have been discussing a co camp out on the ice for sealing. We are going to wait till this blow lets up and then if no open water is to be seen we will go South until we do find water. If we only had fat for the dogs the food that they are getting now would be all right. I am boiling up about 3 pounds of rice with a couple of pounds of flour per day but the dogs are very thin and suffer a great deal from the cold, altho they are inside when not working. No tracks of any Kind seen. Not as cold as yesterday.

February 22 Tuesday Wednesday

max -17.0 min -39.5 Blowing hard and very cold from the N.W. so stayed inside. The wind has shifted to the N.E. 50% cloudy -39°

February 23 Wednesday Thursday

max -16.0 min -44.0 Crawford and I went to the other camp today to see how things were and bring back some provisions which we were out of here. The stormshed was half full of snow and foxes had dug a hole thru the roof and had eaten up a slab of bacon. This must have been some time ago

66

for wed we did see a fox track at the camp or on the way to the camp and back. Signs of open water could be seen not less than 10 miles to the S.E. of the trapping camp. Maurer and Galle cut wood, hauled ice etc. Cold, clear, calm

Feburary 24 Thursday. Friday

max -18.0 min -45.0 Fresh breeze and cold from the SN.E and -40°. General duties. Clear.

February 25 Saturday.

max -26.0 min -47.5 Intended to haul wood today but with a fresh N.E. breeze and -27° decided to [loot awaths] day. Clear. For the last few days the woman has been doing all the cooking, dishwashing and scullery work besides sewing and mending and doing it very well. She surely is the most inconsistant body I have ever known.

February 26 Sunday.

max -22.0 min -42.0 Bridge X Maurer & Galleleft camp this morning for the trapping camp intending to stay there a couple of days, and while there to go East and examine the harbour, and to see what trapping w possibilities look like. Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the Westward and cut some No fox tracks seen. Clear, cold and calm.

February 27 Monday.

max -17.8 min -42.0 Cut wood and hauled ice. Clear. cold & strong breeze from the East.

67

Feburary 28 Tuesday.

max -16.0 min -40.0 Expected the boys home today but no sign of them. Crawford made a sled for hauling ice. Cut wood. Strong breeze from E. Clear. Cold.

Feburary 2 March 1^st Wednesday.

max -19.0 min -38.5 Maurer & Gallearrived home late this afternoon. They located Roger's Harbor at an estimated distance of 40 miles East of this camp. They stayed there over night in a hole in a snow drift. Numerous signs are to be seen then of the "Karluck" camp of 1914. In all the distance traveled in the last 4 days only 3 or 4 fox es tracks were seen and one fox a half mile away. A few fairly fresh bear tracks were seen but no bears. Crawford and I want to go inland and climb the highest peak in sight, but both of my heels have cracked badly and I am afraid to attempt it. Cut wood and general duties. Clear, cold & East breeze.

March 2 Thursday

max -18.5 min -37.0 Crawford and I hauled a large load of wood from the West ward. Maurer and Galle cut wood & general duties. 50% cloudy. Light breeze from the East. Snowing slightly.

March 3 Friday.

max -16.0 min -34.0 Crawford and Maurer left for the trapping camp this morning intending to go farther East for a

68

1 female fox day or so in hopes of running into a bear. They will be gone 3 or 4 days. One fox in the traps on the dog carcasses this morning. Galle and I hauled a large load of wood from the East ward but sledding is difficult so will not haul any more f from The East until forced to. Cloudy. Light breeze from E.

March 4 Slo Saturday.

max -7.0 min - 37.5 Did a real days work today. First, put in an ice window over the big tent, Second, hauled ice, third, built a large snow house over the "chute" or our front entrance, which, when completed, nearly brained me by collapsing; thru my carlessness in cutting a door and fourth, taking the snow blocks of all the collapsed snow house and building an alley - way, and fifth and last, cutting wood. Hazy, calm, clear over head, variable airs. March 5 Sunday.

Max -10.6 Min -32.0 1 raven. Galle & I hauled a large load of wood from the West ward and cut some. Crawford and Maurer arriver arrived at 6 P. M. stating that they had spent the first night away from here at the trapping camp and last night at Roger's Harbor. They saw no fresh bear tracks, and saw one raven. Galle and I saw one fox track today. Calm & slightly cloudy

March 6 Monday

Max - 5.0 Min - 32.0 General duties. Misty & cloudy light breeze West.

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March 7 Tuesday

max -1.0 min -26.5 General duties. Breeze from North. Clear

March 8 Wednesday

max -2.0 min -24.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the Eastward. Maurer and Galle cut wood & hauled ice. Light breeze from N. Clear.

March 9 Thursday

max -3.0 min -35.0 General duties. Clear, cold & calm.

March 10 Friday

max - 9.5 min - 35.5 General duties. Strong breeze N. W. Drifting

March 11 Saturday

1 male fox max -2.0 min -38.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the West ward. One fox caught this A. M. Clear, calm.

March 12 SaturdaySunday

max -16.0 min -33.5 1 female fox General duties. One fox caught. Near sundown a strong breeze arose from the W East. Cut wood

March 13 Monday

max -5.0 min -37.0 1 female fox General duties. Blowing a gale from the East, drifting. I wish to note here some thing I did not enter under March 5, in regard to distance from this camp to Roger's Harbor. Crawford timed their walking which was 7 hours from to here at 3 miles per hour. Under March 1^st I have it entered 40 miles, which is a mistake of mine.

March 14 Tuesday

max +19.0 min -10.0 General duties. Still blowing hard from the East. March 15 Wednesday

Crawford and I hauled a large load of wood

70

max +20.0 min +13.5

from the West ward. No fox tracks seen. Maurer and Galle cleaned out storm shed & dog house. hauled ice and cut wood. Very warm all day. Variable airs and clear.

March 16 Wednesday Thursday

max +28.0 min +4.0 General duties. Crawford took compass bearings on several large peaks inland. Cloudy. Lgt. br. East

March 17 Thursday drawing of a shamrock and an arrow pointing (Shamrock) Friday

max +20.0 min -13.0 General duties. Foggy. Warm

March 18 Friday Saturday

March 18 max +18.0 min -19.0 Cut wood & hauled ice. Foggy and blowing a fresh breeze from the East. Snowing

Feb March 19 Saturday Sunday

max +3.0 min -12.5 Crawford and Galle took a short walk inland to see if there were any fox tracks. Saw none. General duties. Variable airs. Clear.

March 20 Sunday Monday

max +13.5 min -4.5 Cut wood, hauled ice. Very foggy. Str. breeze from S. W E

March 21 Monday Tuesday

max +12.0 min -12.0 Crawford and I took a walk to the West ward along the beach for about 6 miles. Only two fox tracks were seen and they were not fresh. We found a fox in one of Galle's trap which she has not vus visited for some time. Clear. Light breeze from the East.

March 22 TuesdayWednesday

max +16.0 min -13.0 General duties. Strong breeze from the East. Clear. Galle is attempting the building of a snowhouse

71

Crawford and I would like to make a trip around the island but the question isdog- feed. I am still cooking for them and will say that I could also cook for them while traveling altho it is a nusiance. We au are like Mr. Micawber "Waiting for some thing to turn up" and we are keeping a good look out for bears. Seals isare out of the question for open water has not been sighted for several weeks.

March 23 WednesdayThursday

max +14.0 min -11.0 Crawford and I hauld a load of wood from the Westward. Saw two old foxtracks. Maurer and Galle cut wood and hauled ice. Light breeze from the East. Celear Clear.

March 24Thursday Friday

max +25.5 min -12.8 General duties. Light breeze from East. Clear

March 25FridaySaturday

max +18.0 min -5.0 Cut wood and hauled ice. Crawford busy at his first attempt at a snow house. Shot a few times with our rifles for for practice. Calm, clear

March 26 SaturdaySunday

max +25.5 min -17.0 General duties. Clear & calm.

March 27 Sunday. Monday

max +17.0 min -16.0 Blowing a strong breeze from the East. Clear.

March 28 Monday. Tuesday

max +3.5 min -13.5 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from

72

the West. Saw a raven track, several old fox tracks and numerous lemming tracks. Maurer & Galle cut wood and hauled ice. Light air from the North. Clear.

March 29Tuesday. Wednesday

max +19.5 min -11.5 General duties. Light air from N. Clear.

March 30Wednesday. Thursday

max +10.0 min -26.5 General duties. Light breeze from the North.

March 31Thursday. Friday

max +10.5 min -26.5 General duties. Variable airs. Clear.

April first FridaySaturday

max +4.0 min -17.0 Gen. duties. ClCalm, cloudy & snowing

April 2 Saturday. Sunday

max +13.5 min -1.5 Raven seen Crawford and I hauled an 8 foot log 18'' in dia. from the Westward. We could not bring all of it (13 ft) so had to leave 5 ft. Logs of that size are worth while bringing home. This log had been sawed off at both ends, withing with in the last 3 or 4 years. A great deal of the wood we find has been sawn or chopped. Maurer & Galle cu cut wood and hauled ice. Snowing hard, cloud, warm and variable airs from S.W. to N.W. Our friend, the raven, was seen at camp to day.

April 3 Sunday. Monday

max +10.0 min -1.0 General duties. Partly cloudy. Light breeze from the East. Warm. Saw a raven

April 4 Monday Tuesday max +13.5 min -4.0

73

Blowing a gale from the West. Drifting.

April 5Tuesday. Wednesday

max +27.0 min -0.5 Blowing a gale still from the West. Drifting Saw the raven this morning.

April 6WednesdayThursday

max +3.5 min -10.0 The wind shifted to the East today and blew harder than any wind we have had so far. Drifting.

Apr 7Thursday. Friday

max +7.0 min -15.0 The wind let up during the night and gave us a chance to clear out our alleyway and cut wood and hauled ice. Then a strong gale arose from the West again. Saw our friend, the raven, today.

Apr 8 Friday. Saturday

max +28.0 min +0.5 Blowing a gale from the West. Drifting.

Apr 9 Saturday. Sunday.

max +27.0 min -7.0 A nice day. A light breeze from the East. Clear.

Apr 10 Sunday } Blowing a gale from the West Apr 11 Monday Apr 12 Tuesday

max +12.0 min -5.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the Westward. Maurer & Galle cut some and hauled ice. Light breeze from W. Clear

April 13 WednesdayThursday

max +24.0 min -8.0 Crawford & I hauled a large load of wood from the W. Saw no tracks yesterday or today. Light breeze from the N.N.W. Clear.

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April 14 Thursday Friday

max +25.0 min -21.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the W. Light N. W. Breeze. Clear.

April 15 Fri. Saturday

max +5.0 min -23.0 General duties. Foggy.

April 16 Sat. Sunday

max +21.0 min -26.0 2 Bears A change for the better. At 6 A.M. the dogs gave the alarm for bear. Saw a bear (which later proved to have two cubs) 1/2 W. of camp. Craw Crawford and Galle gave chase with two dogs I let loose. The dogs stopped the bear a mile and a half S.W. of camp One shot for the mother and one for the cub by Crawford. The other bearcub got away and Galle and C.who followed it saw it several times but was unable to come up to it. The mother a small xbear and the cub about 3 or 4 weeks old, a male. Clear & calm

April 17 Sunday. Monday

max +16.0 min -27.0 A gale from the N. W. Eating & sleeping.

April 18 Monday Tuesday

max 0.0 min --- Blowing a strong breeze N. N. W. General duties

April 19 TuesdayWednesday

max 0.0 min -22.0 1 female fox General duties. Light breeze. N.N.W. Clear.

April 20 Wednesday Thursday

max +10.0 min -19.0 Blowing strong breeze from N.W. General duties.

April 21 ThursdayFriday

Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from

75

max -6.0 min -27.5 the West. Saw no bear or fox tracks. Maurer and Galle cut wood and hauled ice. Blowing a strong breeze from the N.W. Drifting.

April 22 FridaySaturday

max +14.5 min -22.0 General duties. Saw the raven today. Hazy

April 23 SaturdaySunday

max +24.0 min -19.0 Blowing a light gale from The West. Drifting. Cut wood & hauled ice. One more feed of bear meat left.

April 24 SundayMonday

max +10.0 min -10.0 Galle took a walk to the West ward over his trap line and stacked wood along a sand spit. General duties.

April 25 Monday. Tuesday

max +22.0 min -19.0 Crawford and I hauled wood from the West. Cut wood, hauled ice. Breeze from East. Clear.

April 26 Tuesday Wednesday

max +18.0 min -7.0 Shortly after breakfast Crawford saw a female bear with a cub about 1 1/2 mi. S. of camp. Crawford, Maurer and Galle started after them and when about 3 or 400 yrds. The bear saw them and started South. The two dogs that they had with them were let loose bu but did not succeed in stopping her. Shortly after starting the old bear deserted her cub. When I saw the dogs after the old one I figured that the bear was ours so hitched up the three remaining dogs and went out to where I

76

thought the fellows were. I there found Maurer who stated the other two men were going on with the dogs.xx I forgot to say that on the way out I saw the cub who ran West, but did not have my gun. Maurer & I returned home and shortly after one of the dogs came back with a game leg, altho not bad. It looks like a bite. After 6 hours the hunters returned stating that the bear had kept going regardless of dogs and that the after dogs had not been seen for some time. They saw several fairly fresh bear tracks but stated that the going was nearly impossible for often they sank to their waits waists frequently and to their knees at nearly every step. Fed the last of the bear meat and unless another bear appears soon will have to start cooking. Clear

April 27 Wednesday Thursday

max +35.5 min -7.0 Working all day digging out our sup supplies and putting them in a dry place for the snow is starting to melt some. Shall take an inventory some time soon of all of our food and clothing. Today the temperature reached + 40°, the warmest day but one since we have been on the island Clear & calm. Saw the raven

April 28 Thursday Friday

77

max +40.0 min -9.0 General duties. Foggy. Variable airs.

April 29 Friday Saturday

max +23.0 min -4.5 This morning Galle took a smallpack, his rifle & a sleeping skin on a little trip to the mountains. He intends to climb a high peak and "hike the bear" see what is on the other side. Expects to be gone a day or two. Crawford took a walk on the ice a couple of miles to the S.E. and saw several bear tracks, the newest one a 3 or 4 days old. We saw one fox track. I went East for about 2 1/2 mi. to look for wood and found 2 bear tracks along the beach appear - ently made about the same time as those found by Crawford on the ice. Saw two fox tracks. Maurer cleaning fox skins. Clear. Variable airs. Warm.

April 30 Sunday

max +30.5 min -6.5 Cleaning fox skins and general duties. Clear Calm & Warm.

May 1 Monday

max +17.0 min -13.0 Galle arrived home at 3 P.M. from the other camp. He camped the first night after leaving here in the hills in a snow house after climbing a peak alt. 1450. He was unable to see very far to the north from there because of a ridge farther on. He saw several snowbuntings. He then went to the other camp along the hills where he found the tent

78

slightly damaged by a bear who made a hole in the roof of the storm shed but came no farther. In two different places he found where a female had given birth to cubs and photographed some. Saw a few bear tracks to the East along the beach, none very new. Also a few fox tracks. Gne General duties. Clear & warm. Lgt br. from E.

May 2 Tuesday

max +19.5 min -10.5 General duties. Cleaning fox skins. Saw a snow bunting near camp. Clear & calm.

May 3 Wednesday

max +33.0 min -13.5 Took a walk a couple of miles up the river. Saw an old bear track, several fox tracks, a few of them recent, and lemming tracks. Light breeze from the East. Clear & warm. Melting rapidly The others are cleaning fox skins.

May 4 Thursday

max +24.5 min -12.0 Cleaning fox skins and sawing wood.

May 5 Friday

max +16.0 min -6.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the East ward. Saw a couple of fox tracks. Light breeze from the East. Clear. Snowing late in evening.

May 6 Saturday

max --- min -10.0 Cleaning fox skins & general duties. Intending to haul other camp here tomorrow so Maurer has started for the other camp to pick up his traps. Yesterday while lifting on a

79

log I strained one of the msucles in my right shoulder which is giving me considerable pain. Hope it will be better for I want to give a hand tomorrow. Cloudy & warm.

May 7 Sunday

max +21.5 min +6.5 Crawford and Galle left for the other camp this A.M. My shoulder is still bad and I am completely helpless. They were gone 8 hours. Every thing was brought home excepting some pieces of board and some cans. Maurer found all of his trap but one which was snowed under, but it can be recovered later in the spring. Several fox tracks was were seen. Light breeze from the Earth. Cloudy & slightly foggy

May 8 Monday

max 26.0 min -1.0 Cleaning fox skins. Slightly snowing

May 9 Tuesday

max +17.0 min +6.0 Finished up the fox skins today. My shoulder is better but was real sore for a few days. Snowing

May 10 Wednesday

max +40.0 min +8.0 Snowing hard and warm. Light breeze from the East. General duties.

May 11 Thursday

max +31.0 min + 17.0 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the East. Saw a bear track two or three days old in the beach and one fox track. Galle & Maurer cut wood and hauled ice. Clear. Light br. from East.

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May 12 Friday.

max +47.5 min+12.0 Blowing a gale from the E.N.E and drifting.General duties. Clear.

May 13 Saturday.

max 31.0 min +17.0 Still blowing as yesterday. General o duties

May 14 Sunday

max +21.5 min +7.0 Fresh breeze from the East. Slightly snowing General duties. cut a little wood.

May 15 Monday

max +19.0 min +3.5 Still snowing and a fresh breeze from the East. Waiting for a chance to move.

May 16 Tuesday } Still blowing a gale from the East. Drift May 17 Wednesday } ing. General duties

May 18 Thursday

max +19.0 min +3.5 Moved at last. The new location is about 100 feet East facing West. Most of the stuff which we have immediate use for is out of the old house and the rest will be moved tomorrow. Clear & Calm

May 19 Friday.

max +36.0 min +13.5 Practically finished today. We put the stove tent in front of the living tents intending the stove tent for a wind break. Nothing remains but small odd jobs. Saw a room. Calm

May 20 Saturday

max + 38.5 min + 5.0 Finished moving and practically everything done. Snowing. Variable air. Saw a raven

May 21 Sunday

Loaded [xxx] shot-gun shells (100) and sawed

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max 29.0 min -1.0 wood. General duties. Crawford saw a snow bird; the first for several days. Light breeze from the West. Cold & slightly foggy.

May 22 Monday

max 44.0 min -4.5 Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the East. No tracks of any animals seen. Light breeze from W.

May 23 Tuesday.

max +25.0 min +14.5 General duties. Fresh breeze from W. Light snowfall

May 24 Wednesday

max + 30.0 min + 10.5 Cut wood and general duties. Cloudy.

May 25 Thursday

max +54.8 min +8.0 Shortly after breakfast a large bunch of geese flew up the river bottom near our camp from the South and landed on an a bear a bare spot some distance up the river. Crawford & Galle went with rifles and took a couple of long distance shots as it was impossible to get nearer to them. They flew across the river and Maurer went after them. Another large band flew and like with the first and in all b totaled about 50. Maurer was unable to approach close and on seeing him started towards the hills. Maurer took a chance shot without success. About this time another band flew north and all day we have heard geese without seeing them. In the after noon two seals were seen on the ice and Crawford started for them but they went down long before he got near them. He hid near one of the holes for a long period but a cold breeze

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arose keeping them down in the water. Cloudy and a fresh breeze from the West.

May 26 Friday

max +32.0 min +19.0 I took a walk up the West bank of the river for a couple of miles. Saw a band of at least 30 geese which flew North out of my sight. Saw a great many catapillars and snow buntings and one fresh fox track. No signs of lemming. Cloudy and misty. Fresh breeze from South ing in the morning which shifted to the East later in the day. The seals seen yesterday did to reappear.

May 27 Saturday

max +43.0 min +25.5 Took another walk up the river. Saw no life excepting a few catapillars. Foggy. Strong breeze East. I have not said any thing much for a long time about the seamstress but will take the time now to say that she is doing as well as any one could wish. Altho we did not bring her along for cook & dishwasher she insists upon doing that work and also sews when necessary. She is home sick and says that she wants to get back to "Home & mother" Nome, and as long as she is as unfull as she is now I am sure we will all miss her is when she goes next summer (???) (Provided the ship comes).

May 28 Sunday

max +24.5 min +15.0 After breakfast 4 seals appeared on the ice and Crawford Maurer & Galle each went

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after one. Crawford fires at too great a distance and his seal went down and stayed down. Maurer and Galle's seals went down and they M & G each layed near their holes but the seals did not return. A fog then arose and all hands returned to camp. While they were away I saw a great many bands of geese flying north. Three bands of ducks flew West by camp, one band, I am sure, were "Old Squaws" and the others I was unable to determine the species. A single terne also flew West about this time. I later took a walk up the W. bank of the river and saw the first snipe of the year, a "kill deer" I think. Saw one very fresh fox track. A lemming came out of his hole near camp making the first one of them that we have seen this season. Needless to say that I am still cooking dog feed. Very foggy. Calm

May 29 Monday

max 57.0 min 14.5 Saw a couple of seals to the South and Galle and I each went after one. Neither one of us got within a short distance of them for the weather was cold and they were extremely nestled. Maure took a walk and saw a few ducks. Crawford and I hauled a small load of wood from the West. Cloudy. Light breeze from the West. Galle saw a crane.

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May 30 Tuesday

max 52.0 min 13.5 1 seal A.R.C At last!!! Crawford got a seal while out taking a few soundings three cracks and seal holes. A nice shot of 80 yards. A medium sized male not very fat. Stomach empty. I took a walk up the river. hear snipe and duck but did not see them. Maurer and Galle also went with shot guns. Heard geese but saw none Light breeze from W. Clouds along horizon

May 31 Wednesday

max +36.5 min +22.0 Blowing a strong breeze and very foggy all day. Occassional snow flurries. Saw one snipe & several geese

June 1^st Thursday

max 45.0 mmin 43.0 I took a walk up the river and also along the beach to the East. Saw terne, snipe and geese. Blowing a strong breeze from the East. Snowing.

June 2 Friday

max 35.0 min 26.0 The worst worst day we have had on the island. Blowing a gale and snowing. Drifting heavily from the East and large drifts forming to in the lee of all obstructions. Wet and disagreeable. Foggy.

June 3 Saturday

max 35.0 min 24.0 Nearly the same as yesterday altho the wind has let up some. It has been my object all along in this diary to mention in my daily entries all of the animals & bird life that we see but as we are continually seeing birds of different descriptions I think that it is unnecessary

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to state every time a duck, goose, seagull, etc is seen. Henceforth, if we see a new bird for the first time I will make an entry.

June 4 Sunday } June 5 Monday}

max 42.0 min 25.0 Will put yesterdays and today's entry together for our times of retiring and arising are so irregular that I can do better this way. Yesterday Crawford saw two seals to the South and he failed to get a shot at them. Next Galle saw a lone seal to the S.W. and missed at a distance of 63 yards. He previously went to the seal hole but the seal "turned flushes". About this time I thought I saw a seal to the S.W. and after a great deal of wa wading thru soft wet snow (as the others had done) I found my seal to be w a dirty ice cube. Saw Jaeger gulls first time today. (June 4).This morning (June 5) at 1 a.m. I saw birds which seemed to be new across the river and shot one for a specemien. A species of snipe. A seal appeared later to the S.W. and Maurer went after him, but shortly after he left camp the seal went down. Then another seal showed up to the S. which I figured was my meat. But I had no more luck then the others for when at least 250 yds from him, down he went. I started back to camp and when I arrived there the cursed seal had come up again. Maurer, who all this time

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had patiently been waiting at his seal hole now got discouraged and started to camp. He saw the seal that had dissapointed me and had the same luck with him that I did. Now come the strangest thing of all. Crawford saw a seal to the East and started crawling "seal fashion". A drizzling rain now started and Crawford thought that he was close enough to shoot. He shot. The seal's head still remained up. He shot, again and again and again. Four times all together. And down went the seal. Instead of the seal being 50 yds. as he thought, the seal was 125 yds. Crawford had crawled for about 2 hours thru wet snow. I shot 2 gulls for a specimen. Species unknown. Haudled a load of wood and cut some. Fresh breeze from East. Cloudy. Saw three ducks

June 6 Tuesday

max 49.0 min 28.5 Turned in about 10 P.M. last night as we were up practically all yesterday and and the night before. It is now 2 A.M. of

June 7 Wednesday

max 34.0 min 27.0 A seal appeared twice a few hours ago, to the South, and only stayed up for 3 or 4 minutes each time. At last he came up seemingly to stay and Maurer went out to try his luck. This was the same seal, or at least a seal at the same hole that dissapointed Maurer & I under entry of June 4 & 5. I have just had a look thru this binoculars at the seal and find that he has disapointed Maurer (and all of us)

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again. Our hours are so irregular at present that the fact that the entry entries are irregular is easily explained. Shot several small birds of different varieties which Crawford skinned for specimens Snowing & variable squalls.

June 8 Thursday Arose late in

max 50.0 min 28.0 Arose late in the afternoon. Saw a seal to the East which Crawford attempted to approach with no success. I later saw a seal to the South, at the same place mentioned in yesterdays entry and after crawling for around 1/4 mile, I reached to what I thought was about 150 yds from him. In my extreme carfulness to get him, I was too carful for I shot over. On measuring, I found the distance to be a short 100 yds. Galle took a shot gun and his rifle and started in land to see if the geese we see flying N. can be located. Cloudy.

June 9 Friday

Turned in shortly before midnight, last night. At 5 a.m. I went out of the tent and saw the same seal I had missed yesterday on the ice & two more at a new hole nearer camp. I called Crawford and he and I started out. He was going to try for the two and I was going after the lone one. His Crawford's seals went down and I took a long shot at mine. Got him thru the lungs but he got into his hole before I was able to reach him. Galle arrived home

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Hauled a load of wood at 11 P.M. stating that he had seen geese in land on a swampy but piece of dry piece of bare ground but was unable to get near them. He also saw 3 owls. Cloudy & light breeze from East. Snowing

June 9 Saturday Friday

max 42.0 min 26.0 Saw a seal at a new hole to S.E. and Crawford went after him. No luck for down he went. Near there was another hole and Crawford attempted to get near them. The closer closest he got to them was about 400 yds. Later in the day I saw the same seal that Crawford first went after this A.M. and took a long shot but missed. I have seen seals killed on the ice several times and have done the same my self but I have never yet seen seals who were so frightened. As soon as they see one, whe crawling, or walking, no matter how far the distance, down they go. I wish I could understand why. Saw geese, ducks and a few seagulls. On the ice the snow is melting very slowly and practically no water is to be seen. The land is still covered, excepting the tops of hummocks and sharp ridges.

June 10 Saturday

max 36.0 min 24.0 Saw a seal after breakfast to the Eastward about 2 miles. Maurer went after him and shot and hit him but he got into his hole and we lost him. He was hard to approach so Maurer created a "blind" about 50 or 60 yds. from the hole. Another seal

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appeared south of camp in a hole near where Crawford erected a blind a few days ago. Crawford went after him but the snow was frozen and had a thin crust and altho Crawford was as carful as possible, the seal evidently heard him and "flopped" when Crawford was about 60 yds. from him. Later he came up again and Crawford started again. Along came a bunch of ducks by camp and Galle & I banged away at them and down went our seal. We decided to take watch and watch for a while and altho one of us was continually behind the "blind" the seal did not appear again. Light br. from W. Nearly clear.

June 11 Sunday.

1 seal Maurer. max 37.0 min 23.5 Early this morning Maurer woke up and went out of the tent and saw the seal mentioned yesterday on the ice. He went out, and shortly after awakened us with the news that he had hauled him to camp. A male, medium size, ordinarily fat. In the afternoon Craw. & I took a walk up the river and saw some geese feeding. I sneaked to about 75 yds. of them with my rifle, got two lined up, shot and killed one. A "Snow goose" I think. Male. Blowing a strong breeze from the East. 50% clear. A

June 12 Monday.

max 42.0 min 28.5 The most miserable day imaginable. Drizzeling and sleeting all day. Crawford took a walk up the river. Saw a few ducks. Strong breeze from the East

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June 13 Tuesday.

max 36.0 min 30.4 After breakfast saw 3 seals in a new place to the S.S.W. two at one hole near each other and one a little distance off. Maurer started after them but the snow was had a hard crust on it for it was still cold and, the same old story, down they went. About this time I saw a seal at the hole where Maurer killed the last one (June 11) and started to crawl up behind the blind which Crawford had built there. I was as careful as I can be could be and when I was 35 yds from the blind, which is 40 yds from the seal, "same old story". Our names should be "hard luck" or "incompatant," I am undecided which. Galle took a walk up the river and shot a bird for a specimen. Light breeze from S.E. [Intermant] Intermittant sunshine & clouds with snow.

June 14 Wednesday.

max 44.0 min 32.5

Maurer's seals appeared again this morning but when he was several hundred yds away, they "turned flukes" Coming back to camp he saw the seal that I went after yesterday and but the same thing happened as at the first hole. Later in the day the same seal came out on the ice twice in as many minutes and then bobbed his head out of the hole a few times and "was seen no more" I took a walk to the East as far as the walking was good, 2 1/2 mis. and saw a great deal of wood which we hope to haul this summer in the dory. Galle went to the West

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a few miles and found a great quantity of wood. I took a walk up the river for a couple of miles and saw the first running water of the season, a pool draining from the bank into the river bottom. Saw a raven and shot a bird for speciman. Had a little rain today and lots of clouds and wind from the East.

June 15 Thursday

max 40.0 min 31.0 Saw seals in toward the S. & W. Crawford took a try at them but did not get near within shooting distance of them. Cloudy. Light breeze from E. N. E.

June 16 Friday

max 42.0 min 29.5 2 ducks Saw the same seals as at least seals at the same hole as we saw yesterday. I went after them and most all of them went down at a distance varying from 300 yds to 1/2 mile. I am sure I was as carfull as I could be. Galle shot a male & female "King" (?) Eider" Several more were seen. Foggy & occasional drizzels

June 17 Saturday

14 ducks 2 geese max 47.5 min 29.5 Extremely foggy all day until about 6 P.M. so took advantage of the fog to kill ducks which flew along the bare sandspit to the W. flying. Most ducks flew East. Altogether 15 ducks and two geese were killed. I took a walk up the river for a couple of miles and got one shot at some geese but misjudged distance because of a dense fog, completely missing now 9.30 P.M. misty. Light breeze from the East. June 18 Sunday ---- Duck shoot all day, 10 ducks

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max 56.5 min 33.5 10 ducks Killed. Crawford went to the other camp ste site to try and find some traps he set last winter. He saw a large x river break out and took photos of some. Saw an old bear track. He saw several seals but was unable to get a shot at any of them. After supper a bear and two cubs were seen across the smooth ice to the S. E. but the wind, which was light, was blowing in her direction started her South into the rough ice. We knew the condition of the snow in the rough ice near our camp and Knew that at every step a person would go in over their Knees, so we did not follow the 3 bears. Two seals were seen and I got in a couple of long range shots at them with no luck. The large river near our camp xxxx broke out today. Variable airs. Cloudy & warm

June 19 Monday

max 39.8 min 28.2 1 seal by Galle Galle got a seal today about 1 1/2 mi. S.W of camp. A large female. Variable airs. Cloudy

June 20 Tuesday

max 37.5 min 32.0 Crawford killed a seal which slid into his hole before he was able to reach it. He later wounded another which got away. I took a walk up the river for about 3 or 4 miles and saw s-geese. At least, so I judge, 80% of the snow is still on the ground but thawing rapidly. Maurer tried a seal with no success. Variable breezes.

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June 21 Wednesday.

1 Brant. 2 ducks K. max 43.0 min 33.5 Maurer spent the day sealing and altho he saw 7 seals he was unable to secure one. Crawford took a walk to the West ward and saw a great quantity of drift woord. I shot 2 King Eiders, male & female. Also 1 Brant. Male. The river which broke out on June 18 has gone down and can be waded easily at nearly any place. Light breeze from W. Clear.

June 22 Thursday

2 old squaws K 2 seals Maurer max 43.5 min 31.5 I saw 3 seals early in the morning but had no success with them. Crawford tried after one seal with no luck. Galle tried, at two different times, after 4 seals with the same luck as Crawford and I. Later in the day I wounded a seal which got away. Maurer spent the day to the Eastward and got two seals, a male & female. I shot two " old squaw " ducks in the river near camp. A fine day with a light br. from the W.

June 23 Friday

1 Eider K max 27.0 min 26.5

Crawford and I hauled the two seals home early this morning that Maurer killed yesterday. Crawford went after a seal to the South this A.M. with no luck. Maurer to a walk a couple of miles East on the ice but saw no seals. I kiled a female Eider duck at camp. Blowing a very strong breeze from the East accomp. write by rain. Very cloudy and thick. We see a great many

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Eider ducks but they are very hard to get within shooting distance. Galle stunned a seal today and the others will remain intact until better weather to be made into a "poke"

June 24 Saturday

max 38.0 min 26.0 A nasty day. Blowing a gale from the East with a disagreeable drizzel. One seal seen to the S. Very cloudy and dark.

June 25 Sunday. 1 seal M. 1 Brant K. max 38.0 min 33.0 Maurer got one seal and wounded another which got away and down his hole as he was trying to kill it with his knife. I shot one Brant. All hands busy making seal pokes and general duties. Saw a bear to the S South but he got wind of camp and disappeared in the rough ice. Variable airs. Warm.

June 26 Monday

1 Eider K 1 seal G. max 42.5 min 33.5 Galle got a large seal to the S. W.M. out sealing all day. No luck. Crawford out a couple of hours, no luck. I spent all of yesterday and to day making pack- sacks for the dogs. Finished this Evening. After sep supper I spent an hour or so duck hunting. Only got one female Eider. Saw a great many ducks and geese today. Strong breeze from the East. Cloudy

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June 27 Tuesday

1 old male squaw K max 45.0 min 34.0 A thick foggy day. I got a shot at a seal (an a bearded seal) but I missed. The only seal seen all day. Maurer & Galle cleaning bear skins. I shot an ''old squaw" duck. General duties. Str. breeze W.

June 28 Wednesday.

Max 42.0 Min 33.0 1 seal G. 1 Eider K Finished cleaning bear skins. Galle got one female seal which he made into a "poke". Crawford with one dog to pack his blanckets started West this evening to look for a pass thru the mountains. I went a short way with him and saw several seals to the West on the ice. I tried to get near but the snow was frozen and the pools of water was covered with young ice and even being as quiet as I could be the seals heard me and went down on hearing the noise. I shot one female "Eider." Light breeze from the East. Nearly cloudless.

June 29 Thursday.

4 seals M 1 seal G Max 41.0 Min -- Maurer got four seals today, 1 males, 3 females. Galle got another to the West, a female. He shot an ugrug which slid into his hole. I spent the day andat various duties about camp. After Maurer's return home Galle and I took the dogs and sled and hauled home all but one of Maurer's seals The fourth one we could not find on account of a fog arising. I wish to state here that the seamstress is doing wonderfully well and is cheerful. Foggy. Light breeze from the East.

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June 30 Friday

2 seals M. Max 45.2 Min 32.5 Maurer got 2 seals today, both males. Galle also went sealing but saw nothing. I spent the day making "pokes" and cleaning seal skins. Foggy. Light breeze from E. Occasional drizzel

July 1 Saturday

3 Eiders K Max 41.5 Min 28.0 No sealing done today. All hands cleaning seal skins, and filling pokes with blubber. I took a short walk after supper and killed 4 Eiders, 3 of which I secured. I also killed a seal in the river mouth with the shot gun but he iniat ially sank. A beautiful day. Light breeze from E.

July 2 Sunday

1 seal M. 1 Eider K. max 48.2 min 26.4 Maurer & Galle sealing all day. Maurer got one male seal which he dragged home. I shot a male Eider while taking a walk to the Westward along the beach. I spent a part of the day pegging out seal skins and filling brass shot gun shells. A nice day until evening. Now drizzeling. Calm. The meat of the seals which we are getting is being put into two large barrels. One barrel is full and the other nearly so. As soon as both barrels are filled we will start drying meat. Galle saw the fresh tracks of a large bear. All the snow is gone excepting in ravines.

July 3 Monday.

Max 48.4 Min 26.3 Maurer got one seal and killed another which slid into its hole. I took a walk to the West

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1 seal M. and met Crawford coming home. Galle spent the day on the ice and altho he saw several seals he did not get a shot. While duck hunting at the mouth of the river near camp I Killed another seal in the water, with the shot gun which immediately sank. The water is very muddy and deep so after a time I gave up attempts at securing him. Lgt breeze from W.

July 4 Tuesday

3 Seals M. 3 seal G max 52.0 min 33.0 Maurer got 3 seals today, 2 males, 1 female. Galle killed 5 seals, 3 of which he secured, 3 males. Total, 5 males, 1 female. Crawford got three shots at seals but missed. I made a poke and filled another poke with blubber. After all hands got home Galle and I took the sled and dogs and hauled home the seals. The seamstress is taking it easy, for she says her back is sore. We have on hand, 3 pokes fillel filled with blubber, 4 pokes drying, 8 skins dring and 6 uncleaned skins. Two large barrels which hold about 60 gallons each are filled with meat. We will begin drying meat soon but as the weather has been for a long time past, drying meat is out of the question. Blowing a gale from the West. Foggy & very cold Including the seals that were killed today in all, 30 were seen. As a sealing place this is getting better and better all the time.

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July 5 Wednesday

max 40.0 min 28.0 Maurer, Galle and I cleaning for seal skins and making pokes all day. Crawford with two dogs went to the East and hauled home one of the seals killed by Maurer yesterday. After supper Maurer went af - ter a seal near camp, got one shot at him and missed. StrSrowning. Lgt. br. E.

July 6 Thursday

max 40.5 min 25.5 Blew a gale all day from the E. N.E. with snow & sleet. No one left camp.

July 7 Friday.

max 37.0 min 30.0 At 6.50.P.M. I left the main camp with one dog and a p with a pack bound for Warning Pt. Arrived at trapping camp 9.15 P.M. and made a pot of tea and stayed about 1/2 hour. Proceeded East until I reached cross 5 mi. West of bottom of Rogers Harbor when I left note for Mr. Stefansson. Arrived at camp "Karluk" camp. Rogers Harbor at 4.45 A.M. Examined old grave and found cross erected by "Corwin" in 1914 blown down. Also left note on pole here for V.S. Saw Two foxes. Only me bad river 1 mile East of trapping camp. Shot a Brant and a King Eider ¶ left Rogers Harbor at 6 P.M. July 8 and arrived at Cape Hawaii at 9 P.M Tried to seal. gull eggs but found young sea-gulls instead. Tried to follow the narrow beach around but but beach ceased to and water came to the cliff so I and the dog had to climb on top, I should judge from

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7 to 8 hundred feet high and nearly straight up. Broken up slate. Arrived at mouth of Skeleten R. at 2.15 A.M. Skeleton R. is no more but is now a sandpit on the E. side of the River mouth. All that remained here of a cache belonging is the Karkhuls' crowd was 1/2 of a pemmican ties and a place where a fire had been. Saw one fox. Dog tired. Ice rough all along the beach and as far to sea as I could discern. Very few seals seen since leaving, R. Har. Will try an The hills inland are still snow cov couvered. Skeleton R. was early easily passed by going off shore on the ice about 200 yds. ¶ Left Skeleton R. 6 P.M. July xxx 9 arrived at "Karluk" camp N.E. of Warring Pt. at 3.15 a.m. Traveled all day in rain storm. Two camp sites exposed, tents down, but grave is on hill side, ice covered. Made a [horid]- break from pieces of old tents and got about 4 hours sleep. Saw one fox. Left note on pole at Hooper's (airn a couple of mi. East. of R. Harbour. ¶ Left Warring Pt. 5 P.M. July 10 and arrived at Skeleton R. 11.30 P.M. coming thru a pass I found cutting off a great deal of distance to any one traveling on the land. Stayed at the Skeleton R. The river by now y was im possible to cross for it went to sea thru the ice and joined a lead running parallel to the shore about 1/2 mi off shore. ¶ At 5 A.M. July I left the river mouth giving up the East N. bank after cacheing my two blankets and a few other things I could do with out. I traveled for 7 hours then the worst going I have ever encountered. Wet snow, knee deep, water and brown sticky mud. Occasionally I tried likely looking places for a crossing and altho I found places that I do not

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think was more than shoulder deep, the current was so rapid that to keep one's footing was impossible. Finly in desperation I decided to swim the river so putting my Kodak, films, matches etc. in a pair of water boots across we went. I did not put my trusty Ingersoll in the water boots and it stopped then and I lost track of time from then on. After traveling about 5 hours more thru more snow, mud and water I reached the camp site at R. Har Had a sleep and rest here, then went to old trapping camp, had another sleep and reached home at 7 P.M. The morning of July 12, foot sore & weary.

July 12 13 Friday.

max 41.0 min 29.0 Maurer killed two seals today, one of which slipped down his hole and was lost. Galle was sealing but got nothing. Crawford has a sore hand and can do nothing. I have been resting up, for my feet are sore and I am stiff.

July 15 14 Saturday

max 45.7 min 24.0 1 seal M. Blowing a strong breeze from W. with sleet. Stayed in camp. Later - The weather let up a bit and Maurer went a short way from camp and killed two seals, one, as yesterday, slid down the hole before Maurer could reach him. Galle took two dogs and hauled it in

July 15 Sunday

1 Eider K max 40.0 min 32.0 Blowing a gale all day from the W. with snow & sleet. The ice went out along the beach for a distance of about a mile and is now about 3/4 of a mile

off shore. A lead can be seen extending parralel to the beach and 3/4 1/4 to 3/4 of a mi. off shore, and running as far East or W. so we can see from camp. Shortly before the ice went out Crawford went to the trapping camp to get the rest of his traps. He has all but 5 trap at this camp now, the other 5 he will have to get later. I took a walk a short way to the W. and killed a female Eider.

July 16 Monday.

max 41.0 min 29.8 All hands busy about camp. Gathering wood, filling "pokes", pegging out seal skins and various other things necessary. The ice is slill still the same as yes - terday. We now have 6 pokes filled with blubber amounting to somehwere near 1200 lbs. Sealing seems to be over until the ice comes in (if it does come in) and the seals we have secured so far were just in time. Light breeze from the East. Very cloudy.

July 17 Thursday.

max 41.8 min 30.0 1 Eider Maurer & I took a walk to the W E. and between us we Killed a female Eider. Looked for seals on the ice to the E. but saw none. Crawford went up the river a distance. Galle brought home the rest of his traps and a mamoth tusk I that I had found several days ago. Galle also found two more mamoth tusks, in bad condition which he will bring home later. He found a great amount of fossil ivory, mostly walrus. He saw no seals to the W. The ice is abo slowly closing up, and a long way to the South across the open water a few seals were seen on the edge

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of the ice. A great many Eider ducks (females) are to be seen every day, and many more Old Squaws. Variable airs. Very Cloudly, & snowing in the mountains.

July 18 Wednesday.

2 Eiders K. max 37 min 33.5 A fresh breeze from the S.S.E. The ice came in and nearly closed the large open patch of water outside of camp. I killed two female Eiders. Crawford and Galle took a walk to the Harbor about 2 miles West of here and brought back some fossil ivory, and some large bones (possibly mamoth) which they found near some mamoth tusks.

July 19 Thursday.

max 40 min 31 Arose at about 11 P.M. so entry for this date will be found under Ju

July 20 Friday.

max 41 min 27 1 goose C. 2 old squaws K. A heavy rain started yesterday at 5 P.M. and con - tinued until 12 M. today. Had to put two tarpaulins over the tents as the rain was beating them. After the rain stoped a gale arose from the W. It seems that we are never going to get calm weather and sunshine together for all the time during the rain it was practically a dead calm and as soon as the rain stopt, up came the wind. Crawford killed a goose near camp and I killed two female Old Squaws.

July 21 Saturday

max 37.5 min --- Still blowing a gale from the W. I took a short walk to the West and killed two females Eiders. Crawford killed a male old sqaw squaw near camp and

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2 Eider K. 1 old squaw C 1 sea gull M. Maurer killed a large sea gull. There is considerable water to be seen off shore but with all this wind the ice does not seem to be in motion.

July 22 Sunday.

2 seals M. 1 old Squaw C. Max 40.0 Min 30.5 Crawford took a walk to the West after ducks. No luck. Galle went East after ducks. No luck. Crawford Killed, later, a male old squaw near camp. Maurer got two seals to the West about a mile W. of camp, a male & a female. I have been staying close to camp the last few days for I seem to have rheumatism in my right thigh, and after walking a short distance it becomes quite painful. A nice day.

July 23 Monday.

1 seal. M. max 43 min 31 Galle took a walk to the East after ducks. No luck. Maurer got a male seal to the W. which Crawford hauled home. Rained very hard last night and the river is very swift and deep. Let up for a while but now (11 P.M.) is pouring again with gale from the East.

July 24 Tuesday.

Max 40 Min 35 Blowing a howling gale from the W. with snow. No motions motion in the ice. Note. On the morning of July 19, 5 walrus were seen swimming along near the beach, from W. to East.

July 25 Wednesday.

1 old squaw C. max --- min --- Galle took a walk a short way to the East. Crawford Killed a male old squaw near camp. The ice went out about 1/2 mile last night, but now (6 P.M) is coming in again as wind has shifted to East. Strong breeze. Foggy.

July 26 Thursday.

Blowing a gale from the W. Crawford

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max 40 min 32.5 1 Eider C. took a walk to the West a mile or so and killed a female Eider.

July 27 Friday

max 39.8 min --- 1 old squaw M 3 seals M 1 loon M Maurer Killed 3 seals, 2 females & 1 male, on a pacl patch of ie about 2 miles to the W. He also killed a male "old squaw" and a loon (?). Galle took a walk quite a distance to the East and only saw a few ducks I went to the harbor to the West and got in a few shots at ducks but I did not have my duck hunting "muise". No luck When all hand got back we launched our dory, Crawford and Galle took 4 dogs and hauled the 3 seals Killed by Maurer to the dory which we took along the beach about a 1/2 mil W. of camp. We were unable to get farther W. with the dory as a very strong wind arose from the West and with a heavy swell. We also brough home a small load of wood in the dory. A light gale from the W. with occasional snow flurries.

July 28 Saturday

max 40.0 min --- Blowing a gale from the W. Stayed in camp. The ice off shore from camp is out of sight & seems to bee away from the beach nearly to Cape Hawaii.

July 29 Sunday.

max 42 min 26.5 Crawford, with a back pack, left this afternoon for "Doubtful Harbor" to the W. where he hopes to do some sounding. Maurer got a small female "Ugrug"

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1 ugrug 2 seals M and a small male & female seal on the patch of ice to the W. Galle, Maurer and I launched the dory and brought home same. Calm and mostly clear until evening, then rain and variable airs.

July 30 Monday

max -- min -- Blowing a light gale from the W. General duties

July 31 Tuesday

max 44 min 29 Maurer went W. to try sealing on the patch of ice where he has been getting all of the seals the last few days. He found however that the ice was about 50. yds from the beach and conseque consequently he was unable to get on it. Blowing a strong breeze from the W.

August 1 Wednesday.

max 39.5 min 29.5 A miserable blowing and a gale from the N. W. Snow ing and drifting. Only a few struggling cakes of ice to be seen. My hip is still bothering me considerably and I stay in my sleeping bag all I can, only getting out when necessary Note Crawford arrived home at 5 A.M. July 31 He surveyed Doubtful Harbor, and found that ships drawing 4 fathoms, and very likely more, can get good shelter from all the winds, but Westerly.

August 2 Thursday.

max 34.8 min 28.8 Nothing attempted today. A light breeze from S. The ice can be seen about a mile off shore. Cloudy.

August 3 Friday

max 35.4 min --- Maurer went sealing and saw two seals but was

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unable to get near them as the ice was very rotten. An agrug was seen from camp on an ice cake but we were unable to launch the boat for floating ice

August 4 Saturday

max 29 min 25.4 General duties. Calm & cloudy. Ice still in sight

August 5 Sunday.

max 41.5 min 31.4 1 fox C. A most miserable day. Snowing thickly and for a few hours the snow was a couple of inches deep on the ground. Before the snow we had a heavy fall of rain making it necessary to put on two tarpaulins over the large tent. A young fox came into camp and nearly set the dogs crazy by going near them. In facl fact the dog line came loose once. We tried all the ways to chase the fox away but he would not leave so Crawford had to shoot it. Variable breezes.

August 6 Monday.

max 47 min 31.5 Very thick and foggy. Occasional drizzel . Breeze from the East.

August 7 Tuesday.

max 36.5 min 31.5 Still foggy and wet. Cut wood and general duties

August 8 Wednesday

max 41 min 31.2 I started West this A.M. but was unable to cross the river without getting wet to my waist so turned back. Maurer and Galle took the dory and went went west along the beach to see if there was any chance for sealing but all the ice had left the beach. They returned with a load of wood Saw 6 crow- bill ducks in the water off-shore from camp. A loon was also seen. The ice is only about a ml mile

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off shore and from here it seems to extend a long the horizon East & West as far as we can see. In the lead between the ice floe and the beach are smaller pieces that are continually moving back and forth. Crawford & Maurer are getting ready to take a trip to Waring's Pt. and possibly farther. Foggy. Variable airs.

August 9 Thursday.

max 51.5 min 32.5 2 Brant } K 1 old squaw Crawford Galle and Maurer, each with a pack started this morning for Waring's Pt (as possibly farther). Galle accompanied them intending to go only as far as Skeleton R and return. I took a walk to the West a short distance and killed an old squaw duck and two Brat Brant. Foggy all day. Light breeze from the W. I heard a large number of walrus to the West today but was unable to see them for fog

August 10 Friday

max 38 min 33 1 bear K Awakened at 3 A.M. by the dogs. Rushed out and and saw a bear on the beach about 100 yds. East of camp slowly walking towards the water. One shot. A large male and very fat. Shot them both shoulders. Skinned him and covered the meat with a tarpaulin to keep sea-gulls from stealing. I still have a rather sore hip I left the meat at the place the bear was killed and will wait until I some of the fellows come back. Yesterday a great many geese were heard flying East but was unable to see them through fog. Foggy all day. Rain, hail and snow. Walrus could be heard to the West.

August 11 Saturday

max --- min --- I took a long walk to the West after ducks. No luck. Saw a loon, 2 female Eiders with young, 8 Brant and

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about 30 Old Squaws. Where have the Eiders gone to? especially the males. Saw a fresh bear track on the beach. in the sand about 2 miles W. of here headed this way. When I arose this A.M. the ground was couvered with about 2 inches of snow which soon melted. Hazy and cloudy. Lgt. br. from W. Expect Galle home tomorrow

August 12 Sunday.

max 43 min 31 Galle & Maurer arrived here at 7.45 P.M. and Crawford an hour later as he had sore feet. They only went as far as Skeleton R. and turned back because of bad weather, no game etc. They only had 1 Brant between the three while they were gone altho Maurer killed 4 old squaws which drifted out of reach.

August 13 Monday

max 41 min 31 General duties. Stayed in camp. Saw a great many geese flying W. One band, we estimated to be over 1000

August 14 Tuesday

max 45.2 min 32 I took a walk to the W. and did not see a duck or goose. Saw one owl, the first for a long time and had a long rage shot & missed. Lgt. Br. E. Clear. drizzled

August 15 Wednesday.

max 40.5 min 32.5 A nasty miserable day with a fresh breeze all day from the East with heavy fog. General duties

August 16 Thursday

1 bear max 36 min 36 A large bear was seen on the ice off shore from camp and it took to water coming in to - ward camp. We lie lined up along the beach and Maurer killed it. A large female, very

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fat. Light breeze from East. Cloudy

August 17 Friday

max 35 min 29.5

The nicest day we have had for a long time. The sun actually shone for several consequetive hours with a dead calm. General duties .. The last couple of days Galle has been trying out bear blubbler for cooking purposes and we have on hand about 40 (?) gals. of nice clear oil.

August 18 Saturday

max 44.5 min 31

Great numbers of geese & Brant flying West every night usually about 11 P.M. every night. General duties

August 19 Sunday

max 44.5 min 32 General duties. Light breeze from the West. Foggy

August 20 Monday

max 36.5 min 27.5 1 goose K 1 goose M. A large bear was spotted this afternnon about 3/4 of a mile to the W. on the beach, coming this way. Crawford, Maurer & Galle set out in tending to hide near the other side of the river & wait for him to come up. He (the bear) however started up the W. side of the river and Craw & Galle both took after him. The bear saw the two men and the last we saw of Mr Bear was a white streak going North. Variable puffs of strong wind, mostly from the South

Ag August 221 Tuesday.

max 40.5 min 27 Awoke to find the ice on the beach. A seal seen on the ice off shore but impossible to launch the dory. Maurer & I each killed a goose

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yesterday. Thousands of geese have been seen the last few days flying S.W. Occasional large flocks of Brant fly the same direction Cloudy & variable airs. Warmest today +33°

August 223 Wednesday.

max 33 min 25 Galle took a walk to the N.W. trying to get an owl. No luck. Foggy & cold. Variable airs.

August 243 Tuesday. Thursday

max 31.5 min 24 Carried wood and cut some. Would like to haul a load of wood but too much in broken up ice. The main floe stays about 1/4 to 1/2 mile off shore and there seems to be no motion East or West. Snowing hard & ground all white. Fresh breeze from the East.

August 2t4 Wednesday. Friday

max 32.5 min 25.5 General duties. Fresh breeze from W.

August 265 Thursday. Saturday

max 43 min 26 General duties. Crawford developing films. The main ice floe is about 3/4 of a mile off shore. Fresh breeze from W.

August 26 Friday Sunday

max 35 min 21 Maurer, Galle and I. with the dory hauled a large load of wood from the East. Crawford developing films. Ice same as yesterday. Freezing all day. Light breeze from the S. [Occas] geese seen

August 27Saturday. Monday

max 31 min 23 A fresh breeze from the W. The ice off shore seems to show some signs of breaking up

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a A few geese seen. Cold + cloudy. General duties

August 28 Sunday. Tuesday

max 31 min 20 General duties. Cloudy.

August 29 Monday. Wednesday

max 36 min 20.5 General duties. A beautiful day, but cold. A thin skin of ice all over the ocean. A great many walrus heard off shore but too far to be seen and too far to go after because of ice. Calm & clear Later- Shortly before dark a hear herd of about 20 walrus were seen on an ice floe to the S.W. about 2 miles distant. The water at the time was couvered with young ice mingled with large floating cakes. We decided to wait until day light.

August 30 Tuesday Thursday

max 38 min 21 The walrus seen yesterday were not to be seen but were heard at intervals all day. After breakfast Maurer spotted an Ugrug on an ice cake about a mile South of camp. All hands launched the dory and Maurer and I went after him. We had break thru about 50 yards of young ice and the Ugnug xxx became frightened He swam about for some time so but we were unable to get a shot at him. Variable airs.

August 30 Wednesday. Friday

max 39.5 min 24.5 Clear and calm. Water couvered with young ice. The main flow is only a few hundrads yds. from the beach.

Sept 1 Thursday- Heard a large number of walrus but

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max 33 min 22 was and unable to see them. A fresh breeze from the East. Cloudy and raining.

Sept 2 Friday.

max 37 min 24 About 6 P.M. two walrus were seen on a small cake of ice about 1 mile S.E. of camp, near the edge of the main floe, on. All hands with the dory went after them and we landed on a large cake about 150 yds N.W. of them. I staid stayed with the dory while the others sneaked up on them thru the rough ice. All three men fired nealy together, Maurer killing one, Galle one and Crawford missed. I then joined them with the boat. The walrus proved to be a large female & a male 1/2 the size of the female. Galle was then sent to camp for an ax, lantern etc. as dark was coming on and we wish to finish as soon as possible. Crawford and Maurer and I had just finsihed the large walrus when Galle returned to a cake as near as he could get to us, perhaps 200 yard in shore. The ice had been moving and shifting about, and Crawford, after much dificulty joined Galle and the boat who could get no farther. Later Maurer & I wished to join the others at the boat until a lead opened up, but our ice cake became isolated and the ice stopt moving. Later with the assistance of Crawford &Galle with oars & ropes we were able to leave our cake. We took all

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the meat we could conviently handle and reached the boat. The ice appeared stationary and no wind, so we decided to return the camp to camp. After pushing a great number of ice cakes and hal hauling the boat over the ice once, we arrived at op the shore lead and was only able to the about get about 200 yds of the camp. Cut wood & general duties. (Arrived back at camp about 2 A.M. Sept. 3.

Sept 3 Saturday

max 37. min 29 About 4 P.M. the ice seemed from the beach in a loose condition which would allow us to reach the walrus abandoned last night. We went as far as possible with the boat and found that the meat was still about 1/4 mi. to the S.E. of us. The sled was brought from shore with no dogs as we concluded that they would be useless on the numerous insecure ice cakes that we could be continually crossing from one large cake to another, on. We reached the meat without a great deal of trouble as the ice at the time was stationary. A large number of sea-gulls and ravens had been at the meat all night and a large bear had been to within 200 ft. of the carcasses without going nearer. We loaded the skin of the large walrus with blubber attached with a little meat, the whole load weighing according to my estimation, at least 600 lbs. altho Crawford thinks the weight not as great.

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The four of us hauled the load perhaps 100 yds with some difficulty until we reached a lead that could not be crossed with such a heavy load. The skin was left here and we returned og to the meat and took a load of 300 lbs (?). This went fairly easy until about 1/2 way back to the boat (which was pulled up on a cake of ice) where we came to a bad lead. The load was not lashed and while pulling the sled aecross across the said lead the sled capsized ans and all but about about 50 lbs. of meat was lost. We arrived home at 8:30 P.M. just in time for a fresh breeze arose from the East and excepting for a few open water holes the sea xx is ice covered as far as can be seen. Cloudy. Crawford shot a seal while coming ashore which sank before we could reach it.

Sept 4

max 37.5 min 27 General duties. No chacnce to get to the walrus.

Sept 5 max 44 min 24.5 General duties. Ice unchanged. Cut wood.. Saw the meat on the ice and launched dory. Reached the meat with little trouble and brought some to camp. Unable to find the skin of large walrus. Numerous fresh bear tracks on the ice about the meat. Clear & calm.

Sep 6 max 44 min 20.5 I killed three old squaw ducks near camp and Crawford killed one. Ice unchanged.

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3 old squ K 1 " '' " '' C Light breeze from the East.

Sept 7

max 44 min 24 Crawford took a walk to the hills today and had a good look at the ice. A shore lead runs along the beach as far East and West as he could see and to the East the ice seems to be broken up into leads. He saw 3 foxes. Walrus heard to the South. Clear. Light breeze from the South.

Sept 8

max 36.5 min 22.5 Heard a large number of walrus today and saw several. All in the water. The ice remains stationary altho we have had a fresh breeze all of day from the E. S. E. with fog and occasional snow. Cloudy

Sept 9

max 27.5 min 19.5 Cut wood and general dutes. Still a fresh breeze from the E.S.E. Clear all day but foggy in P.M. Have been hanging out a latern for some days past in case a ship comes (?) near here at night As a for us we can tell from here. however, it does not look as tho we will see a ship this fall

Sept 10

1 Brant K max 34 min 23 I went to get the five traps that I still had out and was only able to find two of them. Will try again soon for the other three. About 2 mi. East of the camp, on the beach, I shot a lone Brant. the which was all alone. We thought all the brant were gone long ago. On a high ridge about 1 1/2 mi inland I had a good

look at the ice. For several miles in a wide shore lead can be seen but no water could I see off shore. To the South, all ice. To the East several miles away a wide lead ran off shore (South) for several miles, and to the East the ice seemed to be loose. Cloudy + calm. Sept 11 _{max 39, min 24} General duti General duties. Calm, cloudy and warm. Sept 12 _{max 38, min 31} A strong breeze from the East. The ice a long way off shore seems to be in motion and considerable water sky can be seen tot hte East. Let her blow. The harder, the etter. Drizzling rain. Cloudy + foggy. Cut wood Sept 13 _{max 35, min 23.5} Blowing a light gale from the East with occasional sleet. No motion in the ice can be seen. Sept 14 _{max 33.5, min 25.5} Still blowing a light gale from the East with sleet until evening when the sleet turned to rain. No apparent motion in the ice Sept 15 The wind let up during the night and occasional rain storm set in. During clear intervals we were able to see that the ice had not moved. Sept 16 BCrawford took a walk to the ice. for a short distance. Late in the after noon we hauled a small load of wood from the East. Light breeze from the West

with fog and occasional drizzel. Galle saw 3 Brant Sept 14. All the bird life we see now are sea gulls, ravens and a small species of wading bird. Sept 17 Foggy with a fresh breeze from the East. Snowing in A.M. and turned to rain in P.M. General duties Sept 18 Rained hard all night with breeze from the East. Early this morning breeze let up and turned to ice. Now a strong breeze from W. and clear. As far as we can see the ice is not moving, altho there appears to be considerable water a long way to the East of us from the looks of the sky. All hands have about given up hopes for a ship this year and intend to move west a short way soon. The wood for 2 miles, or more, on each side of us is exhausted and it is eis esier to move camp to wood than to haul wood all next summer winter a long distance to camp. Sept 19 Blew a gale all night from the West with occasional snow. This morning a lead appears about a mile off shore, from 1/4 to 1/2 mile wide, mmmming!!! East and West. A great deal of water sky was seen to the South. Now (11 P.M) a light breeze from the W. Cloudy.

Sept 20 Crawford + I went to the West to the first harbor mouth at 2 to 2 1/2 miles distant to pick a camp site for the coming winter. Wood is quite plentiful and a great deal of it can be hauled with the dory, with little trouble, before the freeze up. We found the remains of 2 mamoth tusks + a walrus skull with two large tusks. The lead do off shore which opened up yesterday has widened slightly, and surf can be heard plainly a long way to the West of us. A couple of fairly fresh bear tracks were seen in the sand to the W. Occasional strong gusts of wind from the N. Cloudy. The only birds seen were, Sea gulls, ravens, and old square ducks. Sept 21 Crawford took a walk to the old trapping camp and from the bluff there, he had a good look to the Eastward. Nothing but ice. Shortle before he arrived home I saw a bear to the W. Maurer, Galle, and I went after him but as the wind was blowing from us to him he evidently got wind of us for when we got about where I first saw him (a mile W. of camp) we could see no signs of him. The other fellows sense seem to think that it was an halucination on my part as they did not look for him

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when I first sang out, but it was a [bear], I am certain for I watched him through the glasses for a couple of minutes before I said any thing about it. After dark it started to blow a gale from the S.E. Cloudy. Occas. snow.

Sept 22

Blowing a strong gale from the S.E. Had to anchor the tents down. The lead off-shore that opened up a few days ago has closed co far E. & W. as we can see. And wood late in afternoon snowing furiously. Crawford & I are starting to figure on a trip across the ies to Siberia, next spring, and there in the nearest winters station, very likely, none, but possibly Anadir Bay south of East Cape. We have only 5 days, but good ones, and a rather rickity sled which I intend to overhaul on soon as we move [the only] new winter camp. We will have another opportunity to demonstrate the "Living off the country" which has never failed yet as far as the Stefansson expedition are concerned.

Sept 23

Blowing, snowing and drifting from the East

Sept 24

Blowing from the East. Occasional snow.

Sept 25

Intended to plant morning yesterday but the

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weather looked bad so decided to put it off until tomorrow (which means today). "Procrastination is the thief of time" for today, until late this afternoon it blew hard from the East, then turned cold + drear. The sea is covered with growing ice and unless a breeze arises I don't see how we will get thru xx the ice with the dory. Cold, clear with variable light air.

Sept 26

Snowing and blowing a strong breeze from the E. The ground is all white and some snow drifts are 3 feet deep. No attempt to move today.

Sept 27

A nice day. All hands proceeded to location of future winter house and erected ridge-pole and split and carried xxx nails for the walls. Also piled wood. In front of the present camp the sea is cov covered with young ice for 30-yds West and from-there is far W. as we can see there is no young ice. The ice in front of camp, however makes it impossible to use the dory for moving so will have to wait for more snow and use the sled. Saw several hundred female Eiders -the first ducks of this species we have seen for a month. Great members of Old Squaw duck along the beach. Saw txx two terns, mum[xxx xx] gulls and ravens. Fresh freeze from the East (10 P.M) Foggy and cold.

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Sept 28

Crawford and I were able to haul a small load of wood with the sled from the East along the [out] bank. A great many lone spots however and quite a job. Saw several ravens and a few fresh fox tracks. The young ice seemingly is here to stay. No chance to move camp with the dory. Variable [brages.]

Sept 29

A seal was seen on the growing ice about 1/2 mi S.E. of camp today. Crawford xx tried the ice and altho it would bear his weight it was too risky to go out on. Variable [airs]. Cloudy.

September 30

A calm cloudy day and warmer than the last few days. A great deal of open water a long distance to the S.E. if distance can be judged by water sky. A seal seen on the ice today to the S.E. but the ice was too thin to risk trying for him. Cut wood and general duties. Calm. Several seal sealgulls and ravens seen. Also several fresh fox tracks about camp.

October the First

Blowing a strong breeze all day from the East and with drifting snow. A few ravens seen. Waiting still for the growing ice to get thick enough for sleding. Cloudy.

October 2 Snowing hard all day and blowing a light gale from the East. All along the horizon to the South is water sky, perhaps 6 or 8 miles offshore and during the lulls in the wind the [xxxd] of [push]

max 27 min 11 max 29 min 11.5

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is plainly audible.

October, 3 max 25 min 19.5

Still blowing a high gale from the East with occasional snow flurries. The water sky noted yesterday is still visible and I am sure that the whole ocean is open outside of the belt of ice that is adjoining to the beach. A couple of sea gulls seen. Drifting

October, 4 max 32 min 19.5

Late this afternoon a lead opens up about 2 miles S. End of camp and all the it was hauling and blowing a strong gale from the East we went out to see how sealing was. We could not go straight out from camp because of young ice but had to go along the beach for a mile or so and then south. The lead from E.M. to W.S.W. and was of various widths from a few yards to several hundreds yards. We stayed by it by but we mean Crawford and I for some time but did not see a thing but two old squaws ducks. No bear tracks were seen and only a stray old fox tracks. A couple of sea gulls were seen at camp this morning. Now (midnight) a very light breeze from the W. calm and clear with a beautiful display of Aurora.

October, 5 max 25 min 21.5

Last Clark Crawford and I went out to yesterday; closed up some time during the night but late this afternoon opened up again. The weather was good enough today to move hut on the sea ice along the beach the young ice is

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covered with water which comes up there. The tide recedes and the ground is still left for sledding on the land. However, the longer we stay in this camp the more boots we are saving at the 2 other camps etc. At this place we are burning some nice wood we intended to use in making a new sledge which we wish to make early this spring here that we have adopted by bear and foxes. It is rather cold in these tents at night but we get have good sleeping bags so don't mind it. A sea gull seen today. Cloudy and calmer. Occasional snow today. Water sky all along the horizon a long distance to the South. For the last week or so we have been eating the flippers and skin of the two whales killed some time ago, and mighty good eating it is, too. This time last year (1921) we saw a large number of bears, but altho we keep a good look out for them now there hasn't none. At present we have about 2 months dog food and as soon as we can move and catch Crawfords and I will probably take the dogs and go off shore to a close and camp there.

October, 6 max 22.5 min 7.5

Crawford and I took a load of stuff to the new camp site. We went along on the sea ice miles about a mile East of it and then cut across the 2nd crack into the lagoon. About 350 or so to site. This time I expect it to be warm and I held on coming. The harbor mouth for it was not from our bearing of the strong current, but we made it by land on a sand spit and will get it later. We

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some of us spurs depths and a reef in the harbor mouth. Shortly after we started with the sled Maurer and Galle think that they saw a bear up the river and started after it. It has turned out to be a black spot in the river bank. A gull was seen at camp. The spruce is on the sea is 6 or 7 inches thick. Right busy from 4 to 6. Cloudy & cold. No bear tracks seen and only on for fox tracks.

October, 7

seal C max 32 min 19.5

Crawford saw one long before the rest of us this morning and went out to the lead, 40 minute walk off shore. About 5:30 P.M. he returned stating that he has killed a seal but was unable to get it with the minnow. A seal gull had lit on the seal and C. had shot it also. Galle and I went out with the dogs sled and sleds off course and I took all along the place that Crawford said he went into the seal. No luck. Then went East a few hundred yards and then my glasses I saw a sea gull eating something on a small piece of ice amid a great deal of slush. I launched the sleds off for the first time (and it was very satisfactory) and after much difficulty I reach the place where I had seen the gulls eating. It proves to be the last remains of the gull Crawford had shot. About 20 feet away I saw some bloody slush and under the slush I found the seal. The large patches of blood had been moving East all the time and I was at least a half hour getting back to Galle who had brought the dogs up almost of me not over 50 yards away. The seal was a small male. One shot back and one old bear track. While coming for in the seal smoothly

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seal came up aboard 75 yrds of Galle but before Galle could get his rifle ready the seal turned flukes and "was seen xx [mors]." Also an old squaw seen. Calm cloudy and warm.

October 8

Crawford went out to the lead this morning, to see how sealing conditions were. The rest of us were to follow later. He soon came came back with the news that the lead was mostly closed and only very little water was viable. He got a very long shot at a sea gull seal and shot a seal sea gull. I shot a gull in camp. Crawford saw one fresh fox track. Fresh br. from the S. with occasional snow.

max 15.5 min 12

October 9

Shortly after arriving a seal was seen on the ice about 3/4 of a mile W. of camp. Maurer took a try at it and got to within 100 yrds of it. Down it went. Crawford and I took a load of stuff to the W. and in two open holes in the Harbor mouth spent a long time watching for seals. None were seen in the water but one was on the ice in the harbor and Crawford tried but did not get any closer than 300 yds of it. The seal was very nervous + easily frightened. A few old squaws in the pools and 4 Eiders. One male + 3 females. A few fresh fox tracks seen. Brought home a little wood. Clear, calm + cold. Appended is a very rough rough sketch of harbor mouth on this date.

rough sketch of harbor mouth

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October 10

max 21 min 10.5

Shortly after breakfast Maurer thought he saw a seal on the ice to the W. and started after it. The seal proved to be a piece of block ice that we had not noticed before so he went on down to the Harbor mouth. Crawford and I followed with a load of our goods. Then the three of us scattered out and spent some time watching for seals. The days results were - Either one seal seen twice of two seals seen singley by Maurer at which he shot twice. Two mises. One seal seen by Crawford and I at which Crawford shot once. Another miss. My opinion is that it was only one seal seen by all of us at different appearancesI shot and wounded a female Eider duck but it got out of out reach and we did not like to waste any more ammunition on it. Three Eiders in all seen today. Several fresh fox tracks along the beach. No sea gulls seen. Clear, calm and cold all day but now (10:30 P.M.) breezing up from the East with a little snow. Hope there is open water off short tomorrow. Sawed a little wood and Galle sharpened Saw.

October 11

Max 24 min -3.0

There seemed to be open water off short this morning so Maurer, Galle and I, with the sled, went out. The [lead?] had nearly closed and young ice had formed on the [?]. While we we gone Crawford took a short walk to the W. but saw nothing. We saw a couple of fresh fox tracks in the ice. A raven was seen at camp. Calm & cloudy.

October 12

max 23 min 1.0

The ice broke off from the land [?] in ice about a mile from the shore. Last night and today the four of ice went sealing. The lead in of various widths from a few yds to an

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eighth of a mile and [] paralell to the beach. Altogether 5 seals were seen (possibly some of them the same seal seen at different times) and Crawford and Galle each got a good shot but both missed. We stayed till dark. (about 4:30 P.M.). When we started for camp the lead was closing rapidly and very likely by morning will be closed. We have been living for some time on walrus skin and a tad of seal meat would be most welcome, but it seems not to be. A female Eider was swimming in the lead all the time we were [], but did not come close enough for a shot. A very old. large bear track was seen and a very small track, perhaps a week [] was [] also seen. a couple of fresh fox tracks on the ice. Blow ing a fresh breeze from the [Each] with a heat. Warm and dandy.

October 13

max 27 min 13

A nasty day. Blowing a strong breeze from the East with wet snow. Between snow squalls we we were able to see that the lead off shore had closed so we decided to stay in camp. Maurer, however, took a short walk with W. and only saw a torn cut a little wood and general duties.

October 14

A little luck today. Crawford, Galle, and I went

is the first one I have secured. In all 6 or 7 seals were seen in the lead. the fresh tracks of two luars? were seen along the lead, made, I think, yesterday. A couple of seagulls were seen, also several female Eiders and old squaws. A strong breeze from the W. with snow cloudy.

October 15 Max 27 min 14.5 It vlew hard all night from the W. and on arriving this a.m. saw that the ice on the S. side of the afore mentioned lead was out of sight. It was still blowing rather hard so we decided to be lazy and remain in camp. Crawford, however, took a walk to the harbor mouth and got a shot at a illegible seal, but missed. He saw a fresh pup track. Now (11 P.M.) a fresh breeze from the E. and clouding up. Cut wood and general duties.

October 16 Max 22 min 11 Crawford and >Maurer went sealing at the lead bear saw nothing, except a fairly fresh bear track. Galle and I took a load to the other camp and about 1/4 mile of camp, during the last 24 hours a bear had come in from the ice, follows an old sled trail for a few yards and then had gone off shore again. We saw several fresh fox tracks. Brought back a load of wood. A few days ago Galle set a few traps around camp and to day he got a grey male fox in one of them. The skin was poor. Fresh breeze from the E. coming in & cloudy.

October 17 Max 22 min 4 Crawfords and Maurer went to the lead today to see how chances were for sealing. The lead was covered with young ice so they went to the harbor mouth. All they saw there was 4 old squaws. Galle and g out wood and did a few odd jobs about camp. A few fresh fox

tracks seen. Blowing a strong br. from the East with snow. Cloudy

October 18 Max 29 min 22 Blowing hard all day from the S.E. with snow. Maurer took a walk to the lead and found it covered with [ga??] ice. He saw a fresh fox track. Crawford started a seal - net last night and we intended to set it in the Harbor mouth.

October 19 max 28 min 25 Another nasty day. Galle and I hauled a small load of wood and cut some. Crawford finished his seal net, and made a crab net. Will see how "crabbing" is. Saw a couple of fresh fox tracks. Blowing a strong breeze from the East with sleet. Warm & cloudy.

October 20 max 27 min 24 Early this morning the dogs set up a howl and Crawford and I rushed and and a bear was running ragidly off shore about an eigth of a mile away. The Dad had opened during the night so the b the bear would undoubtably swim it mind the weather was bad as we let it go. Later on I went out on the ice and found that it was (by the tracks) a rather large animal. The bear had [netaueted] over the tracks. That it had made before it became frightened. Crawford set the crab net last night and hauled it up this morning and found nothing but about a quarter of schimps on the bait. The shrimps are very small and when boiiled, nearly tasteless. Cut a little wood. Blowing a light gale from the E. with snow.

October 21 max 24 min 20

A very peculiar thing occured today. A heavy surf came under the ice and [???] the young ice along the beach in small fragments for a distance of 1/4 mil. W. of camp and

as far E. as we can see. West of here the young ice was cracked and was gently rising and falling but off shore from us the ice is in small pieces and many of them have been east on the beach. No water can be seen off shore but there is water sky all along the horizon ab. a long way off shore. I think that the whole ocean is open and the surf, then must be very heavy to effect the ice as far away as this ice along the shore. Crawford took a walk to the other camp to get some tea and saw one fresh fox track. Blowing a gale all day and drifting. Stayed in camp. Clear over head.

October 22 Max 20 min 9.5 We were caught today by a howling gale from the East and no wood, so stayed in our bags and shivered. Last night we had to get up and pull the dory up further as a tremendous surf arose. The only ice in sight are large cakes and from all appearences the sea is nearly clear of ice for miles. Drifting heavily.

October 23 max 17 min 10 The strong wind let up early this morning so Crawford and Maurerwent to the harbor mouth to try sealing. Maurer got two shots, and following our custom, misses. A bear had been to the other camp and had sniffed about. Another had been to within 200 W of camp during yesterdays blow. They saw numerous gulls, some old sqaws, an Eider and several fresh fox tracks. Galle and I [hacked] a load of wood from the East and cut same. A heavy surf is still running. but what seems to be the main pack can be seen on the horizon. Clear & cold. Variable airs.

October 24 max 15 min -3.0 Blowing a gale all day from the East so stayed in our bags. An enormous surf from the S.S.E. and caused us to try and pull up our dory farther but found it frozen down to the sand, so had to leave it. A few large cakes to be seen and the rest of the ocean is nearly slush covered.

October 25 Max 13 min -3.0 5 bears C. 1 fox C "Everything comes to him who waits" (or goes after it). At 7 a m. the dogs set up a howl and Crawford rushed out and about 100 feet or less W. of the tents stood a female and two cubs. Crawford (in 7 shots) killed them and the cubs proved to be last winter, a male and a female. The mystery to us is how they bears got as close to camp as they did. There was very little blubber on any one of them and the "old lady" has a stomach full of grass, and incidently, all of us, dogs included, have a full belly tonight. The heavy surf has some what abated and there is considerable slush on the water. Variable airs. Cold and clear.

October 26 max 10 min 3.0 After making my entry for yesterday a fox came into camp and Crawford shot it. A male, very fat with poor fut. The surf went down during the night and this morning the sea was covered with young ice. Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the W. and found the going bad along the beach. No much snow. Light breeze from the E. Cldy

October 27 max 10 min -2.0 The sea is covered with young ice which has been greatly moving around all day. It is stll much too thin to go on as

yet, and altho we are anxious to get mored, we are forced to spend our time doing nothing. Galle shot a sea gull to day. General duties. Strong breeze from the East with snow. Cloudy.

October 28 max 18 min -2.0 Blwing a fresh breeze from the E, with snow. Galle went to the other camp today and saw fresh bear track, but no fox tracks. Cloudy.

October 29 max 18 min 8.0 A seal appeared on the ice this morning about 1/4 of a mi. to the W, near shore. Crawford went after him but could only get to within 200 yds of him for [...] thin ice. Two [...] fins and we think the seal was hit but his [...] his hole. Galle and I hauled a load of wood from the W. Strong or from the S.S.E. Occasional light showers of rain & sleet. Cloudy.

October 30 max 22 min 8 [...] Strong breeze all day from the S.E. with occasional snow. Cloudy & warm.

October 31 max 22 min - Blowing light gale all day from the S.E. with snow & sleet. General duties.

November - the first- max 22 min 19 Blowing a strong breeze this a.m. from the E. with snow. Crawford and I hauled a load of wood from the W. Saw no fox tracks. At dark the wind light and variable and the sky cleared up but now (10 P>M) cloudy and light breeze from the N.W. Saw a large sea gull today. The sea seems to be rather solid and we intend to start moving tomorrow. About

a mile off shore a pressure ridge can be seen, made in the last few days. For a long time I have and nothing about our [seam???]. The ice very quiet and really downhearted over the fact that the ship did not show up, but she keeps bury and is at present making a pair of [...] hide mitts (probably for Crawford). There is considerable [...] to be made for Crawford and I if we got to [...], but [...] will not have his [????] till we get to move. Crawford and I have just about made up our mind to [...] [...] trip, and the lines of starting depends on several things, ice conditions, dry feed, weather, etc, but we are hoping to get started about January 15-19 23. Ive think that if the weather is good and going on the ice, not too bad, that Nome should be reached in 60 or 70 days, for we have about made up our minds to go to Nome instead of Anadir Bay. ive have that that V.S. might be witnessing on the main land South of us, and I think that if he is we will see him by Jan. 1st. If he should not come till later we will have to take a chance and go, for very likly if he is wintering on the main land and will hear of him and his ship and will go there. If one can go by "hunches", my "hunch" tells me that V.S. did not come north this summer, and that we are doing the right thing in making this trip. Saw an [...] owl today.

November 2 max 18 min 4 Blowing a howling gale from the W. and drifting thick. We were comfortable and warm in our tent until the stovve started to smoke and then we had to get in our bags. Clear overhead.

November 3 max 9 min -1.5 Wanted to start moving today but the gale did not abate until [...] after noon. We expected to see signs of open water but the

we was unchanged. Crawford and I [] had time to haul a load of wood before dark, we hauled it on the sea ice, the firsst load since the ice [] and some time ago. We saw three or four fox tracks, but no signs of bears. Cloudy and [] from N.

November 4 max 7 min Maurer, Galle and I took a load to the other camp today construction of the stone tent, Galles sleeping gear and several cases of hard bread. We pitched the tent then as Galle [...], using the stove which we had in the [topping] camp last winter. A couple of fresh fox tracks and a fresh bear track about 1/2 mi. to of camp. Blowing a strong breeze from the E. with snow. Drifting

November 5 max 18 min -10.5 Crawford and I took a large load to the other camp today and made slow time as the going was slow because of an inch of slush on the ice. Galle had seen a seal on the ice and had had a try at it but no luck. No tracks of any animals were seen. Variable winds all day. Now (midnight) Clear, calm & cold.

November 6 max 13 min 2 Crawford and I took all the seal poles to the other ccamps today. Only one fox track seen. Maurer busy about camp, and the woman is making me a sleeping bag. Cloudy & calm.

November 7 and 8 max 5 min -5.0 Blowing a very strong gale from the N N W and drifting heavily. Rather cold in the tent but we had plenty of wood and a good stove so was not so bad off. The last of the bear meat was eaten on [...] Nov. u. The interior of the tank is covered with hard frost.

November 9 max 5 min -14.0 The gale abated last night so Crawford and I took a load to the other camp. Found that Galle had got thru the gale with nothing more serious than his tent blowing down. Did not see a track of anything. Fresh freeze from the E.

November 10 max 11 min -8.0 Blowing a strong breeze from the East and snowing, and as Maurer and I felt a little under the weather we did not go to the other camp.

November 11 max 11 min 8.0 Crawford and I took a load to the other camp today. Saw 3 or 4 fresh fox tracks. There is no snow suitable for blocks over the new house and the ground is nearly bate. As things look now it will be some time before we will be able to cover the roof and sides. Galle has been stocking wood and he says that there is a large amount within a mile of the house. Blowing a light breeze from the East. Clear & cold.

November 12 max 11 min -7.5 Crawford and I took a load to the other camp today. Saw a couple of fresh fox tracks. Galle has been stacking wood. maurer packing things ready for moving. Slightly cloudy. Light breeze from the E. We have 2 boxes of hard bread left and about 3 weeks of dog feed. A large amount of seal oils left.

November 13 max 11 min -14 Crawford and I took a load to the other camp. A bear had crossed our trail some time since yesterday coming from the land and going to sea. One fresh fox track. Clear, and light breeze from E. Crawford riffed up a box for getting sights on stars to set his watch.

November 14

Max -4 Mim -13

Crawford and I took another load to the other camp. A small bear had been on our sled trail some time during last night and had followed it a short distance. Two bears in two nights. Wish we could be fortunate enought to see one. A couple of fresh fox tracks. Galle has set a couple of traps and last night a fox sprang one but got away. Clear. Light breeze from the East. About two or three more loads are left and we intend trying to move all of it tomorrow.

November 15 Max 9 Min -13

This morning, Maurer and I took a load to the other camp site consiting of the tent, stove and sleeping gear. Maurer remained there and he and Galle put up the tent in the frame that we had erected previously. I returned to Crawford and he and I brought another load. The chances for snow-blocks to cover the roof seen poor as the ground is about bare and the weather is so cold that it is not likly to snow. However we have a good stove and plenty of wood, so we huddle about the stove and try to find topics for converations. The stove is a cheap wood range, Mablewood model, made by Lang Stove works, Seattle, and has been going steadly for 14 months, and except a few replacements in the fire box, is as good as new. Certainly a good buy. A few fresh fox tracks. Fresh breeze from the East. Clear.

November 16 Max-10 Min-12 Crawford and I brought the remainder of the camp gear down today which leaves nothing but some things which

will be left until next summer. The [] is still there. There are a few scraps of skins and bones which might come in handy later in the winter which I intend to gather up and haul tomorrow. There have been no signs of open water for some time and unless a bear or two comes along soon the day feed will be getting scarce. One fresh fox track. Clear and calm.

November 17 MaxMinI went to old camp with dogs and brought back some things we had forgotten. The others were busy picking up about camp. Hauled a load of wood. A few fresh fox tracks. The woman is busy repairing clothing. Clear, calm, and cold. No sign of snow.

November 18 Max-10 Min-18 Took a day off and did nothing but cut a little wood. Clear cold and variable []. No signs of snow in the air.

November 19 Max 2 Min -14 Galle went to the old camp today and set up 4 traps. He saw several fox tracks but so signs of the bears. Crawford and I hauled 5 large loads of wood from across the harbor mouth, a distance of about 1/4 of a mile away. Maurer busy about camp. The woman is scraping skins for clothing. Clouding up in the W. and getting warmer. Light breeze from the West.

November 20 Max -8 Min-20.5 Overslept today as did nothing but cut wood. Light breeze from the N. Slightly couldy.

November 21 Max -4.5 Min-20.5 Galle set 9 more traps to the East today. Saw only

a couple fresh fox tracks. No sign of bears. Maurer set 8 traps to the W. along the beach. Saw one fox track. Crawford and I spent the day cutting logs along the beach in suitable lengths for hauling to camp. Partly cloudy. Warmer than the last few days. Calm

November 22 Max -3.5 Min-17 Maurer to the traps. Saw one fresh track and caught nothing. Galle to his trap. Saw numerous fresh tracks but no luck. Crawford and I hauled 3 large loads of wood. Fresh breeze from N.E. Slightly cloudy.

November 23 Max -3.5 Min-20 Blew a strong breeze all last night from the N.E. General duties today. Light breeze from the W. Cloudly and snowing - at last. Much warmer today than it has been for quite a spell.

November 24 Max -12 Min-20 It blew a strong breeze all night from the N.E. and drifted. Maurer to his traps and got lost in the dark because the wind shifted. Saw the lantern at [] after a while and got to camp all O.K. Galle to his traps. No luck. Crawford and I at general duties. Clear. Variable breeze.

November 25 Max -18 Min -6 Maurer and Galle to traps. Maurer saw a couple of fresh tracks. When we erected the ridge poles at this place we put them too high so Crawford and I spent the day getting ready to lower them. Blowing a fresh breeze from the N.E. Partly cloudy.

Novembe 26 Blowing a strong breeze from the N.E. and drifting so

did nothing but cut wood. Partly cloudy and warmer.

November 27 Max+2 Min -24 Blowing a strong breeze and dirfting heavily from N.E.. General duties.

November 28 Max -14 Min-8 Galle & Maurer to their traps. Only a couple of fresh tracks. Craword and I busy about camp. The woman busy making skin clothing for Crawford and I. Calm, clear & cold.

November 29 Max+2 Min-16 1 male fox. Galle Galle and Maurer to their traps. Galle got home one male fox with a poor skin. Maurer saw no fresh tracks. Crawford and I busy about camp. Am feeding the dogs on bear skins and blubber. Crawford and I intend starting south as soon as possible for dog feed is about gone and the sooner we start the sooner we will be able to get to open water and seals. Snowing and warm.

November 30 2 foxes Galle Max -2 Min -21 Galle and Maurer to their traps. Maurer saw one fresh track and Gall got a male and a female fox. Crawford and I hauling wood. Partly cloudy. Light breeze from N.E.

December the first 2 foxes Galle Max Min Galle and Maurer to their traps. Maurer saw two fresh tracks and Galle got a male and female fox at the old camp. Better pelts than then former ones. Numerous tracks there. Crawford busy about camp. Blowing a light gale from the East. Snowing and drifting heavily. Cloudy.

December 2 Blowing a light gale all day from the East,snowing

and drifting so stayed in camp. Feeding the dogs on blubber and bear skin.

December 3 Maurer & Galle cut logs in suitable lengths for hauling to camp. Crawford and I hauled a load of wood but the snow was so soft that we were forced to quit. Blowing a fresh breeze from the W. Clear and cold.

December 4 Galle and Maurer to their traps. Maurer saw several fresh tracks and so did Galle. No foxes caught however, Crawford working on small tent for our trips and I at making harness (tandem). Blowing a light gale from the N.E. Cloudy & drifting

December 5 It blew a strong gale all night from the East with a very heavy drift so slept in this morning. Crawford working on the small tent. Now (10 P.M.) Sleeting and warm. Fresh breeze from the East.

December 6 Galle to his traps. No luck, but he saw several fresh tracks Crawford working on tent and myself on harness. Clear, variable [] and cold.

December 7 Galle and Maurer to their traps. No luck but [] tracks seen. Galle has 14 traps out and Maurer 26. Crawford working on tent. Strong breeze from the East. Clear & drifting.

December 8 Blowing a light gale all day from the East and drifting. Clear. General duties.

December 9 Maurer went to a few of his traps nearby and caught nothing but several of his traps had been disturbed. Cut wood and general duties. Light gale from the East. Clear and lightly drifting

December 10 Maurer and Galle to their traps. Galle saw tracks of a small bear on the beach about a mile East of the camp. The bear came off the ice to the beach, then onto the ice again and went to sea. Galle saw several fox tracks but caught nothing . Maurer also saw several fox tracks but caught nothing. Maurer put out 4 more traps today. Crawford and I hauled two loads of wood and found the snow soft and haulging difficult. The woman is busy making clothing for Crawford and I. I am feeding the dogs blubber and dried seal skin. Clear & Cold. Light breeze from the East.

December 11 Galle and Maurer to their traps. They each saw several fresh tracks but caught nothting. Crawford and I hauled two large loads of wood. Light breeze from the East. Clear.

December 12 Galle and maurer to their traps. Nothing caught but numerous tracks seen. Crawford and I busy about camp. Blowing a strong breese from the East. Cloudy and a light drift. The woman is doing wonderful work and is a great deal more accomodating than a year ago (which [])

December 13

Blowing a light gale all day from the East and drifting so did no work. Clear.

December 14

Still blowing from the East and drifting. General duties.

December 15

Still blowing and drifting. Cut wood and general duties.

December 16

1 fox G. 1 fox M.

All hands lowered the ridges of the house frame this A. M. then Maurer and Galle went to their traps. Maurer got a female fox wipoor fur: About a mile West, Maurer saw the tracks of a female with two small (last winter) cubs. They were along the beach for a short way and then went out on the ice. Maurer also saw several fox tracks. Galle got a male fox at the old camp site and saw the tracks of several more. Also poorly fured. Crawford and I busy getting the frame ready to put on snow blocks. Clear, cold and light breeze from the N.E. The bear tracks, Maurer thinks, were made 3 or 4 days ago, some time during the blow which we have had for the last few days.

December 17

Maurer and Galle to thier traps. Nothing caught but several tracks seen. Crawford and I busy about camp. Light E. breeze. Clear.

December 18

Maurer + Galle to their traps. Maurer got a female fox and saw several tracks. Galle caught nothing but saw several fox tracks and a bear track about ³/₄ of a mile East of camp I Crawford and I hauled two loads of wood

and sawed up several logs ready for hauling. The women in [?] [?] finished making and clothing and we (Crawford and I) are in hopes of getting started within ten days, at least before the first of the year light [?] from the E. Cloudy.

December 19 [?] and [Gulle?] to [?] traps. No luck but a few traps rum. Crawford [?] putting [sled?] raft [?[ outside [?] [?]. Myself at versions necesary [?]. Sight [?] from East Cloudy

December 20 [?] and [?[ to their traps. [?] caught nothing and said no fresh tracks. [?] also caught nothing and saw no fresh tracks. I places snow blocks on the North end of the house and Crawford about help completed the East side. Very thick and cloudy. Warm & calm. Feeling [?] on seal skin & blubber.

December 21 [?] and [?] to their traps. No luck, but numerous [?] seen. Crawford busy getting snow blocks on the roof. I felt a little under the weather, so did nothing but feed the dogs. Fresh breeze from the N.E. Cloudy, warm and snowing.

December 22 Crawford, [?] & [?] nearly finished putting blocks on the roof. I still felt bad today (indegestion, I think) so did nothing. Variable breezes. Clear.

December 23 [?] and [?] to their traps, No luck and no tracks seen. Crawford and I hauled a load of wood and some of our stuff which had been left on

the beach some time ago, about 1 mile East of here. The snow was very soft as it has been snowing for the last 24 or 30 hours. Altho my diary entry shows Dec. 23, it is Xmas Eve by the diaries of the others and we are celebrating (?!!?) by [having] and extra hard bread or so[ oy]. The snow roof was completed today excepting the door it is nice and comfortable in here tonight. [Cah] very cloudy and snow. Warm

December 24 Alltho my entry says Dec. 24 the others have Dec. 25 so we celebrated (?) Xmas. A few extra hard bread. All hands did a little work outside and called it a day. About 4 inches of snow fell in the last 24 hours. Clear, cold and light breeze from E.

December 25 Blowing a strong breeze this morning and [drafting] from the East so stayed inside. I finished the complete set of dog [hammers] for the trip, and Crawford is busy making ridge pals and uprights for the tent Light breeze from the East Cloudy.

December 26 Crawford working on trip and I brought the sled in doors and made several repairs on it. Hope to finish it tomorrow. Snowing hard so the trappers stayed in camp today. cloudy & warm

December 27 The sled & tent in good shape and all that is

145

left for us to do is to get our outfit together. We would like to get started soon but the ground is covered with about 6 inches of floury snow and we intend to wait for a blow to pack it. Last night was very cold and so is today. Clear & variable airs.

December 25 General duties. Thick, warm & snowing. The trappers stayed in camp as walking is very bad.

December 29 General duties. Clear, calm & co-o-o-o-ld. -36 and still going down

December 30 General duties. Blowing up from the East.

December 31 A howling gale from the East. As Crawford was build ing a fire the morning the dogs set up a howl and C rushed out but it was impossible to see a more than a foot or two. The dogs soon quieted down and so whatever was in camp did not stay long. Hard luck. Drifting as hard as can be imagined.

January 1st-2nd & 3rd Blowing a howling gale from the East and drifting as hard as I have ever seen it drift. A part of the north wall blew away and some snow drifted in but did no damage. The wind on afternoon of Jan 3 nearly died down and it is now cloudy.

THIS BOOK IS No. 34 150 pp Rec.

IF YOU WISH TO DUPLICATE, TEAR THIS SLIP OUT AND MAIL TO US

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complete office equippers first av

one leaf- pages 147 and 148 were removed for purposes of experimenting with a method of deciphering the mutilated parts of the diary. Both pages were blank and neither had been written on.

George L. [?]

December 12, 1932.

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Clothing Issue A R Crawford ll 12 pr. socks 1 [] underwear 11 " pants 1 pr. drawers ll 1 " socks 1 " [] 1 blanket mitts 1 skin shirt 11 towel 1 water boots 1 belt 1 pr canvas boots 1 handkerchief

E Lorne Kinght 1111111111 pr. socks 11 handkerchief 1 belt 1 blanket mitts 1 pr. canvass boots 1 pr. skin mitts 111 pr. army pants 1 [] underwear 11 pr. drawers 1 undersirt

Clothing Issue F. W Maurer

11 pr. pants 11112 " socks 11 " water boots 11 " blanket mitts 1 skin shirt 1 snow shirt 1 belt 1 pr canvass boots 1 under shirt 11 [] underwear 1 pair drawers

M. Galle

11 pr. water boots 1 pr skin mitts 112 handkerchiefs 11 pr pants 11 towels 1 [] underwear 11 pr. blanket mitts 1 woolen army shirt 1 skin shirt 11 blanket mitts 11111111 socks 1 belt 1 pr. canvass boots

Ada 11 Towel 3 handkerchiefs 1 belt

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24.75 45.00 120.00 8.20 60.00 125.00 5. 10. 42. 17.50 55.50 11. 3.50 1.00 6.00 25 5 20 585.45

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L-26

Invoice of contents from FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON, D. C.

Date December 21, 1939 Case References 62-1219 Consigned to: Mr. Vilhjalmur Stefansson 67 Morton Street New York, New York

List of Contents

62-1219 Diary of Lorne Knight.

REGISTERED MAIL