Box 12, Folder 10: Archaeology V

Extracts

Cave Dwellers

"Found in a limestone cave in the Neanderthal, near Hochdal, between Dusseldorf and Elberfeld. This remarkable specimen was first described by Schaafhausen(1) and "under whatever aspect," says Prof Huxley, "we view this cranium, whether we regard its vertical depression, the enormous thickness of its super-ciliary ridges, its sloping occiput, or its long and straight squamosal suture we meet with ape=like characters, stamping it as the most pithecoid of human crania yet discovered." Though the shape of the skull is so remarkable the brain appears to have been of considerable size, and indeed is estimated but Prof. Huxley at about seventy five cubic inches, which is about the average capacity of the Polynesian and Hottentot skulls." The above is what Sir John Lubbock says of the Neanderthal skull in his Pre=Historic Times p. 337 & 338 - I. A. L.

(1) Muller's Archiv. 1858. Nat. Hist. Rev., 1861

caches are used for storing corn etc through the winter, as well as to hide it during the absence of the tribe etc Catlin I p122

Mandan have a game played with "a ring 2 or 3 inches in diameter cut out of a stone Catlin I p132

Mascotin Island on the Miss 25 or 30 miles long - so called from the band of Ind of that name who once resided upon it [Below Rock Island]

1792{ Transactions of Am. Phil. Soc. Vol 3 - p 214 by J. Heart. Read Feb 3, 1792 - Mounds of Ohio - the Miss etc

1787{ Columbian Magazine for May 1787 - Plan & description of Ancient Worts at Mariette. By B. S. Barton

1796 - Fr. Am Ph Soc. 4 p 177 W. Sargent articles found at Cincinnati*

1787 - Am. Magazine for December 1787 - [Treats?] on Antiquities of Am.

The great Mississippi Valley appears to have been the seat of Empire with the ancients - it will soon be so with the present inhabitants!

*Articles of copper found - Probably from Lake Superior. The art of smelting could [illegible] have been known. This may show that the progress of these people was from the north or north west, carrying with them the copper the found on L. Superior or they [illegible] that region.

The first account of Wisconsin ever given to white men was given to DeSoto at [Inaxule?] in Florida - Ph. Fr. 4 p 202 Speaks of copper & lead? - 1540

1803 - Read Dec 16, 1803 - James Madison Am Ph. Fr. 6 p 132 - Keuhawa 1813 - Read Oct 1 H H Brackenridge Vol 1 N Ser (Fr A.P.S.) p 151 1814 Brackenridge "Views of Louisiana" notice of mounds etc

1820 Arc. Am. Vol 1

1824 Longs Expedition p 239 - Fort Crawford built on an ancient mound. p 276 - { Carver forts "some miles below Lake Pepin" see [illegible] p 129

1810 - Pikes Expedition {p 18 p 98} 9 miles below L Pepin west side

1778 - Carvers work [illegible] - See [illegible] p 129 (1836) who says they are at a prairie on the west side half way between Waubesha's and Lake the river is bordered by cedar trees.

1787 Jefferson Notes on Virfinia was published - written in 1787 - Opened a mound full of bones, many children - no evidence of war, violence etc -

Antiquities of Yucatan made by Indian same that were found by Spaniards J. L. Stephen's

1838 R. C. Taylor Esq first called attention through Silliman's Journal to the peculiar form of the Wisconsin Mounds (Vol 34 p 88) Plate 1 represents a procession of animals, seldom found - etc