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PRELIMINARY EXERCISES

THIS exercise on the four open strings is played with the half bow, from the middle to the upper end, and without using he
shoulder-joint, except raising and lowering the arm when changing the bow from one string to the other.

The following is the diatonic major scale of C. The semitones in this and all the succeeding scales are marked with a slur.

This scale should be practiced, first, with the whole bow, making a short rest between each note; then with the half bow,
from the middle to the upper end. The bow must be held firm, and drawn and pushed steady on each note.

The following exercise is to be practised on all four of the strings alike, keeping all the fingers on the strings, ascending, and
taking off only one at a time, descending.

Exercise No. 3 must be played very

slow, and with the whole bow, making a short rest between each note, thus . The bow must be placed on the strings
close to the slide or hand, and held firm and steady throughout, starting and stopping the notes square.

Exercise No. 4 is played the same as No. 3 except the rest is left
out, and the notes are played as close together as possible.

* It frequently becomes necessary to reach C with the little finger, from the first position. This is caled an extension, as it does not belong to the first
position.