Farfel Research Notebooks

Pages That Need Review

Farfel Notebook 08: Leaves 499-571

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- Bound books were known in Asia at least by the 8th C. Muslim + later European traders introduced new binding, decoration. Writing + printing traditions that were adopted in varying degree throughout the continent. -Kamakura period - Japan 1185-1333. -Calligraphy (artful handwriting) has been considered the ultimate art form by the Chinese educated elite since at least the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) -Buddhism - 4000 yr journey from India to China, Korea + Japan in 525 -Forms of Chinese painting wall painting hanging scrolls screens hand scrolls albums fans -Kalpasutra (Book of Ritual) - also known as the Book of the Paryusana Festival - still recited by Jain monks in an annual festival that occurs during the rainy season. -Newars - among the earliest people to settle the Kathmander Valley (Nepal) -Bhagavad Gita (Song of the Lord) -The use of multiple ink colors is a tradition in Nepal + Mongolia as well as in Tibet. -Koran - compiled in written form in 651 -gold against a blue background - found in Nepalese, Mongolia, Chinese, Tibetan + Korean Buddhist manuscripts. - Mongolian Buddhist Canon is based upon the Tibetan version.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318
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-In the era of Nara (710-794) hemp was the most important material for paper making, kozo + gampi being in the capital to Kyoto, hemp paper declined in favor of Kozo. -Bunsho Jugaku - Paper making by hand in Japan (1959) - By the Nara period some 9 provinces were making paper. By the end of the 8th C the number had swelled to 20 Isamu Noguchi - Washi - the WOrld of Japanese paper (TS 109 5 J3 H78

-India Malwa region (Hindu0 - strong red, green + yellow colors typical of a painting style that flourished in the region until about 1650. -Shiraz - a city south western Iran - home to some of the finest MSS producing workshops of the 16th C.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318
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Ottoman Art from Khalili Collection 8/01

- tugras - imperial signatures - each Ottoman sultan had hsi own monogram or turgras, a stamp of imperial authority - Koran - compiled + written down in 651 - a dervish or sufi is a Muslim mystic - often the Koran is divided into 60 seperately bound parts so that itcan be read in its entirety in 30 days. - gold ink + pigment on laid paper - gold ink + pigment on wove paper watermarked - the direction of Mecca (called the kiblah) is marked on the wall by a niche 9called its mihrab) which is often elaborately decorated - the central = most venerated art of Islam is calligraphy

wove style of mould - the beaten fibers were poured upon the mould + the moist sheet left to dry upon it. laid type of mould dipped into the vat of suspended fibres. The invention of this type of mould was one of the great advancements in papermaking as from it the sheets could be removed immediately after forming + emabled the artisan to form sheets continually upon the same mould.

- wove paper - paper which has a smooth surface + does not show any laid lines. - only became common by the end of the 18th C.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318
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Greeks wrote with a reed pen. Egyptians wrote with a brush. In general Sefardi (Iberian peninsula + N. Africa) scribes used reed pens, while the Ashkenazim (N. + East Europe) used quills. Haggadah - books of prayers + recitations read at the Passover sedu. Kabbalah - esoteric + mystic teachings of Judaism Mishuah - collection of oral laws ed. by R. Judah ha Nasia towards the end of the 2nd C. Talmud - body of teaching which comprises the commentary + discussions of the Mishnah by the amorian (3-5 C. Rabbis) The Baby. Talmud comprises the discussions carried on in the academies fo Baby. The Jerusalem Talmud - those originating the J.

watermark 4^0 -middle of inner margin - 8^0 - Top of inner margin

- Many of the 1st printers + publishers were ecclesiastics - clerics, secular priests, monks + friars. - It was not the Persians or Arabs who opposed printing. Rather it was the Ottoman Turkish conquerors who imposed restrictions against printing upon the Arab population. It was this prohibition 9not hostility to nonhandwritten Korans) that squelched Arabic printing in the Near East until it was introduced by Mohammed Ali in Egypt in 1822.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318
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#507 Fray Maturino Gilberti

leaf book E. Schaffer - "The New Worlds; need of a printing press had been apparent to the missonaries from the tiem of their Z 232 G 46 S45 (1963) HEHL arrival + eventually the petitions of Fray Juan de Zumarraga, the 1st bishop of Mexico were answered. 20 years after the coming of Cortez, a press was sent to Mexicoby the House of Cromberger in Seville. It was set up in Mexico City by Juan Pablos, a member of that firm, who thus became the 1st to practive his craft in the Western Hemisphere. (an Italian, born Giovanni Paoli, a native of Bresica) From its beginning the Mexican Press was devoted almost exclusively to the promulgation of Christianity. The 3 great religious orders which evangelized Mexico the Augustinians, Dominicans + Franciscans were active in the production of books in the native languages of the Indians, the Franciscans to a marked degree."

J. Pablos - June 15, 1559 "Dialogo de doctrina Christiana en la lengula de Mechuacan" was completed. The title page woodcut was taken from E. Whitchurch's See #504 - ed. of 1548 "Paraphrase fo Erasmus upon the Newe Testament." The woodcut had 1st appeared 5 yrs. earlier in the Dialectica of Aristotle ed. by Fray Allonso de la Vera Cruz. J. Pablos employed A. de Espinosa who had come to Mexico in 1550 + worked fro him for some 8 yrs. Espinosa was to prove to be 16th C. Mexico's finest printer. In 1559 Espinosa started work on his own + printed a Latin Grammer by Father Gilberti.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318
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Met. M. of Art 6/00

-Earliest known Japanese sutra - 712 - The official scriptoria was probably abolished at the end of the 8th C as the court moved away from Nara - Ancient Near East - scripts 1) logographic (wordsigns) 2) syllabic (signs that stand for syllables) 3) alphabetic - Arahasis - the Babylonian myth of the great flood. - Papyrus continued in use in Egypt as a substitute for the expensive vellum before paper became widespread around the 10-11 C. - Behari - from the region of Behu, a cursive script appeared in India in 14th C.

Music notation 1) Square - developed in Ilo de France in late 12th C 2) unheightened staveless heumes 3) Hufunagelschrift.

Gunst Z 239 A74 F73 1999 F Franklin, Colin Exploring Japanese Books + Scrolls Paper - in former times it was made of gampi (WIkstrcemia gampi) + the paper mulberry, but now mitsumata (Edgeworthia papyrifera) is used Nara - 710-794 Heian - until 1185 "early" - 1st 100 yrs Dai hannya - kys Sutra (Sermans + Sayings of the Buddha Kasuga - ban books - 13th C

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During its 3000 years of use, cuneiform writing recorded at least 15 different languages including Sumerian, Babylonian + Asyrian. The latest coneiform inscription dates to 75 A.D. Cuneiform was succeeded by Aramic script which in turn was replaced by Arabic in the 7th C.

1493 - The first European clergy to reach the New World were Franciscans who accompanied Columbus on his 2nd voyage.

Sikhism - a revolutionary new faith Holy book - the Guru Granth Sabib - contains the work of the Gurus - written in the Punjabi language with a script called Gurmukhi - compiled by the 5th Guru, Arjun in 1604 founder of Sikhism - Guru Nanak (1469-1539) holiest site - Golden Temple in city of Amitser Muslim Mughal emperors - descended from Timer 1st - Babur 1526 (d. 1403) Hindu maharajas Persian shahs Punjab - a province of the norht of India - homeland of the Sikhs land of 5 rivers Lahore - historic capital of Punjab - founded in 1526 THe Ramayans topic of Rama - (wife Sita) (Tama;s travels) an incarnation of the god Vishnu

Singh - meaning lion. Gurus - taught that there is only one God - rejected the idea that one religion was better than another.

Last edit about 1 year ago by cw057318

Farfel Notebook 09: Leaves 572-618

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572-618

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587

Phil Barber Boston, Mass. Oct. '03 $8.95

Bible. Old Testament. Hebrew. Basel: Ludwig Koenig, 1618-9 f^0 Ref: D. + M. 5120, Prijs 219. Delavaeu + Hillard #433/2 vol. 41 cm Copy: Harvard, Univ. of CA. Berkeley, Princeton, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. NY Public Lib., Stanford.

See #372 #559

Text divided into 4 parts, but c continuous foliation. I. Pentateuch (6) BII. Fol. 1-228. (10 5/8 x 15 5/8 inches) II. Enaste Propheten. Fol. (233)-441. (26.4 x 39.7 cm) III. Spatere Propheter. Fol. 442-(706). IV. Hagiographen. Fol. 707-946. Square + Rabbinic letter. followed by, 8 B11. 67 --> Jerusalum Tangum B11. 36 --> Massora Magna, etc. B11. --> Heftarot The 6th Rabbinic Bible, c Targums + commentaries. Revised + corrected by Johannes Baxtorf, the elder. (1564-1629) - 424x271mm. in 2 columns 1st Rabbinic Bible. Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1516-17. 2nd " " " " " , 1524-5. (Rabbinic Bibles or Mikna' ot Gedolot.)

Deuteronomy [inserted] Latin characters [end inserted] devarim 13:13 --> 14:27 Cautions against Seduction to Idolatry. Disfigurement for the Dead forbidden. Clean and unclean animals. Tithas prescribed. (1572-1641)

Ludwig Konig had to seek permission first to print the rabbinical Bible + then hire the Jewish correctors necessary for such a complex project. The actual printing began between the mid August + mid-September of 1618. The probable date of completion was sometime between July 12 + Aug. 10 of 1619. Abraham Braunschweig was the chief printer. Johannes Buxtorf I served as regular professor of Hebrew language at the Univ. of Basel from 1590 until his death in 1629.

Last edit over 1 year ago by alvoisard
farfel_n09_034_587
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The Basel rabbinical Bible became a standard tool for research among Christian scholars + would remain so, in spite of its well-known weaknesses, until the end of the 19th C. It served as one of the sources used in compiling the Paris Polyglot of 1628-45 but exercised greatest influence upon the London Polyglot. The Buxtorf Bible was however, in the end merely a further revision of the 1546-48 printing of Jacob ben Hayyim's rabbinical Bible.

Rabbinic Bible (that is, Hebrew Scripture c Aramic translation -- Tangumim, traditional commentaries, and the Massora) commonly known as Mikra'ot Gedolot.

With Hebrew text, Tangum Onkelos, Tangum Yerushalmi, c various Commenteries (Rashi, Aben Ezra, David + Moses Kimhi, Saadiah, Levi ben Gerson, Isaiah) + the great Massoriah) c "Variae lectiones" preface by Jacob ben Hayyim of Tunis + "Dareke ha-nikked we-ha-negina" by Moses Nakdan.

Standford (Taube/Baron Collection) #690 Vol. I 1618 Genesia - 2 Kings #691 Vol. 2 1619 Isaiah - 2 Chronicales my leaf Vol. 1 C6 (of 8) Deuteronomy begins A^7 (of 8) end F^4 (of 4)

Both Buxtorf + his son of the same name were Professors of Hebrew at Basel University; many of their works were published by Buxtorf the Elder's son in law, Ludwig Konig, who in 1615 had acquired the Waldkinch printing office with their rich store of types of the Froben Press, the previous owners.

Last edit over 1 year ago by alvoisard
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