Farfel Research Notebooks

Matins Hours or Office of the Virgin Domine, labia mea aperiis:et os meum annancaibit laudem tusm. from the Misenere Psalm 51:15 O Lord, thou wilt open my lips: and my tongue should declare thy praise. Other hours - Deus in adjutorium meum intende. Complins - Converte nos Deussalutaris noster. See Baring - Gould The Lives of the Saints 9 Aug BX 4655 B3 based on Latin edition of Graesu Leipzig (1850) 235.2 D51 Santa Clara The Golden Legend - August 1 The Holy Machabees - * 1 St Peter in Chains - 2 St Stephen the Pope * 3 The invention of St. Stephen the 1st Martyr * 4 St. Dominic (Dominicus) founder of the order of Preachers AS 122 b/ at Calaruega in Castile - * 6 St. Sixtus II - "On this same day the Church celebrates the feast of the Transfiguation [inserted] Ressurection [end inserted] of our Lord." AD 258 succeded Pope St. Stempen I. 7 St. Donatus - 8 St. Cyriacus + his companions - * 10 St. Lawrence (Laurentius Martyr AD 258 - apostles revealed it on this day. - * 13 St. Hippolytus Martyr AD 235 - *15 The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin MAry 1st Century 20 St. Bernard 22 St. Simphorianus - * 24 St. Bartholomeu - Apostle 1st Century - * 28 St. Augustine - Bishop of Hippo N. Africa - De Civitate Dei, Doctor of the Church AD 43 - * 29 The Decollation of St. John the Baptist - C. AD 39 29 Sts Savinianus + Sovina 30 Sts Felix + Adauctus

The dates assigned to the various Feast Days were taken from The Book of Saints, The Benedictine Monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Bamagate. London: A+C. Blank, 1931.

Pedacius Dioscorides, c. 40-80 -a Cilician Greek originator of the brance of medical science known as materia medica, the materials of medicine Translated into many languages, Dioscorides' herbal continued in use for more than 1500 years. His work is divided into 5 books: first, aromatics, ida, ointments, trees; second, animal products of dictatic + medicinal value, cereals, + garden herbs; third + fourth roots, juices, + other medicinal plants; + fifth, vines, wines, + metallic ores. Dioscordies; work - first published in Greek by Aldus Manutius at Venice in 1499. contemporary of Pliny - usually accorded the title of the 1st European to compile a materia medica - as distinct from a botanical handbook. Six hundred plants with their medical properties are described - of which 90 are still in use today.

Ellen K. Shaffer - The Garden of Health - SF Book Club - 1959 Gunst Z239 K3552f leaf from Hortus Sanitalis - 1499 checklist fo editions printed before 1550 Gart 1485-1547 Hortas Sanitatis 1491-1538 The Gart was the only herbal printed in Switzerland in the 15th C; Funter issued it a Basel around 1486. Schonsperger, - of 13 edtiions of the Gart before the close of the century, he was responsible fo r7 - 1485, 6, 7, 8, 93 (2), 96, 99.

Speculum Humanae Saluationis - The Minor Haman Salvation -compiled about 1324 by Ludolph of Saxony a Dominican monk in a house of the order at Strassbourg. - See #81

"Mosan" school of Art - Meuse Valley 12 C.

PR 2209 B82s Ref Vol. 2 p. 153 quire (choir)

Of the claterynge + bablynge of prestis + clerkes in the quere

Of folys yet: many we great number se In the holy guerys of chirches small + great Whose commanycacyon is voyde of honestye But on vayne talys theyr myndes clene ar set That goddes seruyce is oft hyndred + let By suche impres _ dedys of fare and here Which they as Folys recount within the quere.

I have before touchyed the great enormyte The foly, + disorder, without all reuerence Whiche in the chirche daryly we may se Amonge lay folys, which better were be thems But nowe shall I touche another, lyke offence And that is of Folys which in the quere habounde Nat saynge the seruyce of god as they are bounde (not)

But dyuers Toyes + Iapis varyable They spread abrode, encombrynyge the seruyer And namely with theyr tunge (tongue) where with they bable Eache one to other, as if they take aduyse And counsell togyden theyr cartis to deuyse Unto our shyppes theyr company to cary For loth they be to longe (long) fre (from) them to tary.

O goddes Temple, O godly ordynaunce Be holy faders (fathers) ordeyned to gyde the same None labours you to support nor auraunce But to decay they suffer, unto theyr shame The godly costomes as tourned unto game The Sermonyes sometyme kept stedfastly An nowe defyled by Iestis of uylany.

Thomas Dibdin Rare Book Coll. PR 4549 D415 - 1827 Tare + valuable editions etc - Polyglots Opus Quadripartitum Sacrae Scriptures, continens S. Biblia sive Libros Vet. et Nov. Testamenti omnes, quadruplici ligna, Hebraica, Graeca, Lateria et Germanica. Cura et studio Davidis Wolderi Hamberg Fol. 1596. The Greek text of this work is formed according tot eh Antwerp Polyglot; the Latin version according to the Frankfort edit. of 1591, which is in fact, after various intervening versions, nothing but the old edition of R. Stephen in 1557; the German version is from Luther's edition of 1545. 4 Biblia sacra Graece, Latine + Germanice H.W. Adams #973 Ed. David Wolder - Pastor of the church of St. Peter at Hamburg. fo. Hamburgi, Jacobus Lucius juri excurd 384x246mm The 7 parts Iff 289 II 384 III 169 IV 295 V 218 VI 205 VII 153 are bound in 3 volumes Together with this Triglot the publishers issued the Hebrew O.T. of 1587 bearing a fresh (and fake) title.

History of Latin Writing 1) Writing of the Roman period 2) national Land writings 3) The Caroligian 4) the Gothic 5) Humanistic writing + modern Gothic hands.

Textura Rotunda Fere-humanistica Bastarda Roman ITalic

3 main groups of books liturgical scolastic vernacular

Basel Printers *Johann Amerbach Peter Kollicker * " Bergmann, de Olpa Johann Petri " Besicken Jacobus Wolff de Pforzheim Martin Flach Bernhard Richel * Johann Froben *Berthold Ruppal * Michael Furten *Michael Wenszler * Nicolaus Kesler Linhart Ysenhut Ludwig Hohenwang

The Anglo Saxon alphabetical characters differ only Emma Cope How to Read old Documents R Z113 C75 from the Roman in the letter W written p: there are also 2 additional double letters ' "th", represented by the following letter p, and 'dh' y, these last being in frequent use in the construction of words. About the time when printing was brought over + practiced in England the Saxon P disappeared.

The system of contraction started with the Jews, who were accustomed to omit the vowels in the sacred name fo Jahwe or Jehovah. It was transferred by Hallenizing Jews to Greek scribes through Greek translations of Hebrew Scriptures. From the Greeks it passed to Rome. One of the proofs of Jewish origin is that the usage, even in Latin, was at first absolutely confined to just 5 Sacred Names: Deus (ds), Jesus (i[?]s), Christus (xps), Spiritus (sps) + Dominus (d[?]s).

A.W. Pollard NC 960 P77 P.90 -At Milan only 2 illustrated books are known to have been issued before 1490, both of which appeared in 1479. The rarest of these is the Summa di Pacifica Consciuntia of Fra Pacifico di Novara printed by Philippus of Lavagnia, + illustrated with 3 copper plates, one of which represents the virtues of the Madonna.

The 1st 5 books of the Old Testament (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Noumbers + Duteronomy) are known collectively as the Pentateuch or Five Books of Moses (11-6th Centuries B.C.)

The dismissal at the end of the Mass, namely, the 'Ite missa est' (sometimes replaced by 'BenedicamusDomino')

Italian + Spanish parchments tend to be somewhat lighter in color + thinner that French + German which are usually darker + heavier. much English parchment has a velvety surface textur.

parchment - ordinary quality of skin - sheep + goats vellum - finer quality - calf, kid or lamb (Latin) caudex (later codex) - 'from the bark of a tree' - book construction in leaves as opposed to the roll form (papyrus, leather) gatherings or quires (sheet of 4 sheets fold once - 8 leaves or a quire (16 pages) - usual practice - to number or sign each quire at the end of the leaf (or sometimes at the beginning) (Latin) Penna - 'father' pen - quill - reed - metal

manuscript - hand written balck letter - Fraktur, Gothic, old english, text miniatures - Latin (minium - red led) illuminations (lumen - light) - "golden books"

the normal arrangement of a Latin guaternion would be: page side ruling 1 hair ridyes 2-3 flesh furrows 4-5 hair ridges 6-7 flesh etc until furrows 16 hair ridges

editions of the Vulgate by the end at the 15th C - Hain lists 109 - apart from Mainz itself, 14 came from Niunberg, 13 from Strassburg, 7 from Cologne, 2 from Speyer, 1 from Ulm + 17 from Basle. Venice produced 17, + after the late 1479's Lyons produced 9. Paris produced only one, but became a leading centre in the next century. The 1st book fo a living author printed Johannes Brunner's Grammathica Rythmicaschool master + editor at Peter Schoeffer prss 1467 - Peter Schoeffer

Joannes Balbus Januensis - Catholicon -DeWitt Starnes PA 2353 Ref. 57 - combined the works of Papias + Ugnitio 4 sections devoted to - Orthographia, Ethimologia Diasintasties, Prosodia. Its availability, owing to frequent printings, made it one of the most influential books of the 15th C. The Catholican is not a classical dictionary; it is medieval. The Catholicon is a basic source for the Proptorium, as it seems to have been for most lexicons, Latin + bilingual in the 2nd half of the 15 C.

Promptorium parvulorum (ca 1440) - our earliest English Latin dictionary - there are 6 manuscripts + at least 5 early printed editions, dating from 1499 to 1528 Richary Pynson - small folio 115 leaves Wynkyn de Worde editions - 1510, 16, 28.

Ugucio - Hugo (Hugutio) of Pisa (d. 1210) his dictionary - 1 Magnae derived largely from Isidore's Origines + Papias 2 Elementarium doctrinae rudimentum (ca. 1060) Magnae - never printed, though much of it is incorporated in the Catholicon Dictionarius (ca. 1220) of John of Garland (12th C) - born in England

British Museum Ecclesiastical History of the English People - Bede 8th C Historia Britorum 12 C Anglo Saxon Chronicle 11 C Historia Anglorum 12 C Henry Huntington Gesta Regum Anglorum 12 C by William

Catchwords (XII C. on) quire - 4, 6, or more leaves foliation (XIII C. on) pagination XV C.)

Johann Otmar 1479 - began to print at Reutlingen. He Colin Clair 1479 produced 5 books dated 1482, but 3 others are inferentially dated between 1479-80. Otmar printed at Reutlingen until 1495, + in 1498 had a press at Tubingen. - earliest books which contain Otmar's name are: Menniken's Formulae epistolum of 1422. Conetanz Breviary Sept 1482 (H. 3828). - last date in book at Reutlingen is 1495. - 1st book signed at Tubingen is the Paulus Scriptor, in librum primum Santentiarum of March 24, 1498.-

- Otmar of Reulingen, having printed many books at Reutlingen + Tubingen between 1479-1501 went to Augsburg after 1501, where he published the 1st book from his third press in 1502. Continued printing until 1515.

Weller Repertorium typographicum (1864) Ref Z2222 P19 Vol. 3 #222 Herbarium zu tentsche Augsburg: Hanns Otmar for Johann Rennman, 1508. 239 leaves, folio. Weller 4074 Cop Muchen, Panzer Zufatze 109 Z apf II, 36 Muthen p 163 #975. Choulant p. 254 Nr. 22 The earliest woodcuts date from the end of the 14th C - religious pictures + playing cards ealry woodcuts coloured by hand - attempts at printing colors were made in the 2nd 1/2 of the 15th C - chiaroscuno method.

Bartuda Rotunda Textura Gothic

Textura - based on the German adaptation of the Carolingian minuscule + basically the same as that used by Gutenberg.

woodcutting - block of wood cut along the grain Haarlem in the Netherlands + Strassburg on the Rhine both compete with Mainz to be the birthplace of printing. The 16th C saw the rise of the writing onaster whose aim it was to spread the art of fine writing by advertising its beauty + utility.

879.8 I 812 V. 1+2 W.M. Lindsay Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi -Completed 623 Etymologiarum Sive Originum Liber XI - De Homine et Portentis XII - De Animalibus XIII - De Mundo et Partibus XIV - De Terra et Partibus XV - De Aedificiis et Agris XVI - De Lapidibus et Metallis See #95 *XVII - De Rebus Rusticis XVIII - De Bello et Ludis XIX - De Nauibus, Aedificiis et Vestibus Liber XX - de mensis, de potu, de vasis potatorii de vasis vinariis et aquariis, de vasis oleirius, etc

Liber I - De Grammatica II - De Rhetorica et Dialectica III - De Mathematica IV - De Medicina V - De Legibus et Temporibus VI - De Libris et Officiia Ecclesiasticis VII - De Deo, Angelis et Sanctis VIII - De Ecclesia et Sectis IX - De Linguis, Gentibus, Regnis, Militia, Civibus Affinit atibus. X - De Vocabulis

for nearly 1000 years the Spanish bishop's encyclopedia preserved for medieval western Europe the modes of thought + the factual knowledge of the ancient world of which it is a primary source. More than a 1000 manuscripts have survived, + its early appearance in print shows its undiminished appeal down to the 17th C. Later encyclopedias such as the Catholicon derived much of their material from Isidore. This is the 1st book to contain a printed map or diagram of the whole world.

Incunabula - the 40,000 editions contain the accumulated wisdom - and stupidities - of the previous 2000 years. 75% printed in Latin - of vernacular books - about = German + Italian

1) invention of writing (about 3000 - 2500 BC in Sumeria + Egypt, about 1500 BC in China) - Near + Far East 2) invention of the alphabet by the phoenicians in about 1200 BC - Mediteranean area 3) Printing - European discoveries 4)Computer - Spacesignatures - a German invention - usual practice was to mark the gatherings with small letters + the sheets of the gatherings with Roman numerals very often however with gothic letters. register - index catchwords - the reproducing of the 1st word of a new page at the foot of the preceding - occur exceptionally in incunabula + only during the last years of the 15th C. - were placed only at the end of gatherings or like signatures at the end of the double sheets. Pagination was preceded by the insertion of catchwords. Such catchwords occur for the 1st time in the Tacitus printed by John of Spier at Venice in 1469.

Signature the letter or figure appearing on the 1st page of a sheet (usually of 16 or 32 pages) which acts as a guide in gathering the sheets before binding.

font (fount) derived from the same root as teh verb found meaning to melt + pour metal.

Between 1513 + 1524, eight varieties of Fraktur Type were cut 1) (Fraktur, meaning "broken", is the 4th of the bastarda or vernacular types used in Germany, the other being 2) Schwabacker, 3) Upper Rhine + 4) Wittenberg.)

Colophon - The final closing stone - Greek Temple. Sheepskin - parchmetn Calfskin - Vellum - still born calf uterine vellum - finest 2 thinest.