Farfel Notebook 06: Leaves 397-468

Gnust - NK 3605 C 33 Edw. M. Catich - THe orgin of the Serif (1991) The Lapidary letter is not the parent of Roman + western Calligraphy. - brush origins of inscription letters + their serifs

Reed writing Rustic Square Unical Brus Writing Lapidary Capitals Cursive minuscule

Matins (midnight) Lands (abound 3 am) Prime (6-9 am) sumise + early morning. Terce (9-12 am) morning Sexte (12-3 pm) afternoon None (3-6 pm) late afternoon or noon Vespers (6-9 pm) evening Compline (9 pm) roughly the time of curfew

The Talmund was the attempt to harmonize laws found in the Torah with the realities of everyday life in the past biblical period A. Mishna (repetition) B. Germara (completion) Septuagint - Greek ed. of the Bible from the Torah in Hebrew Dead Sea Scrolls - written in Aramaic script also known as ""Square Hebrew" - similar to modern printed Hebrew. God (YHVH) The contemporary ed. of the Hebrew Bible is called the Masonatic text because it is based on an Aaron BenAsher - the last of the Mesorites (scribes. ed. of the Bible

- Loss of texts during the Dark + Middle Ages most have been small in comparison with what failed to survive the end of classical antiquity. A text that had been copied into a codex + lodged in a monastic or capitular library had a chance of coming though - For reasons which are not entirely clear Christian leterature, especially the Bible, was from the 1st, whether written on papyrus or parchment, circulated in the codex format. By the middle of the 4th C the codex for all literary pruposes austed the roll + parchiment had austed papyrus. - Roman World - 3rd C. B.C. to early 5th C. A.D. -Barlaam + Josaphat - a Christianized version of a Buddhist legend - translated from the original Greek into all of the European vernacular languages - tells the story of a yound Indian prince named Josaphat + his introduction to Christianity by the monk Barlaam, - ealriest known Greek inscriptions from about 730 BC - likely, however, that hte Greeks were writing by about 775 B.C.

The tradition of the colophon is much older than its Greek name implies; it flourished in ancient Mesopotamia + Egypt. -earliest papyri with writing on them, were account books about 250 BCE.

- An element of the Winchester style that remained popular with the Normans was acanthus foliage - the acanthus being a Mediteranean plant which was popular on boht sides of the Channel from the 10th C. onwards as a decorative detail.

Getty 11/94 Chronicles influenced ambitious reenactments of of events from classical + medieval history that were staged as theatrical entertainment at the aristocratic coirts of Europe. - Animal + nature studies were a particular interest of north Italian artists who illust. medical + botanical treatises of the 2nd 1/2 of the 14th C. - St. Anthony (Jan 17) d. 356 - protector of animals + a patron against epilepsy + pestilence. - Romance of the Rose - recounts the dream of a lover who enters an enchanted garden + falls in lover with a woman symbolized by a rose. - putti - winged youths. -Versal lettters were drawn with a small almost pointed flexible goose quill. They were outlined + then the middle parts were filled in.

12 great feasts (major holidays in Orthodox calendar) Annunciation Crucifixion Nativity Anastasis (Harrowing of Hell) Presentation in the Temple Ascension Baptism Pentacost Transfiguation Koimesis (Formition) of the Virgin, Mary's death - knowm today in the west as the Assumption Aug. 15 Raising of Lazarus

Triptyeh (3 folds) central panel + 2 wings

Byzantium 330-1453 - Ottoman {Roman - political fabric. Christian in faith Greek in its language.

Dead Sea Scrolls 2/24/94 -Previously thought that there was a single Hebrew prototype text, however, what has emerged is a picture of much greater variety. Jews in the late 2md Temple period respected different versions of ancient books local texts. 1) Babylon - Hebrew Bible today Tetragrammaton '' or [?] 2) Palestinian - Samaritan Bible (contains only the 5 books of Moses) 3) Egyptian - from which the Septuegint Bible was made - about 170 200 of the scrolls are biblical - all the Books of the Hebrew Bible except the Book of Esther - entire Book of Isaiah - only complete scroll. - written in Hebrew, Aramaic + Greek + on leather parchment + papyrus - Paleo-Hebrew till 6th C BCE - Samaritan script - an alphabet directly descended from Paleo-Hebrew Rustic Jewish book hands Herodian period - apocryphal works - omitted from the Hebrew Bible but included in Protestant + Catholic canons - pseydoepigraphical - purported to have authored by Biblical figures. - 1st Temple - built964-928 BCE (Solomon) - destroyed by Nebuchadnazzar in 586. (II Kings 24-25.) 2nd Temple - bilt 538-515 BCE - "Wailing Wall" Herod's time - renouations

Jersualem sacked twice by the Roman - in 70 CE when the 2nd temple was destroyed + in 135 CE when the Jews were again driven from the city. Pharisees - precursor of modern day Judiasm, represented the belief of most ordinary Jews - majority party by the 1st C. C.E. Eusebius related the story of Origen, who for his ed. of the Hebrew scriptures consulted scrolls that had been found in caves near Jericho in the 1st half of the 3rd C. C.E.

Standard or Masoratic text of the Hebrew Bible forms the O.T. section of Catholic + Protestant Bibles.

Renaissance - Church style Baroque - aristocratic style.

Leningrad Codex 1008 C.E. - oldest complete Hebrew Bible in the world. mid 5th C BCE Pentateuch canonized 4th C " Canonization of the Books of the Prophets 3rd C " Bible translated into Greek (Septuagint) " 560 Birth of Buddha 561 " of Confucius 750-700 BCE. Homer writes Iliad + Odyssey. Tetragrammaton - name of God. 2nd C. BCE - development of now Jewish sects in Palestine Pharaisees, Sadducees + Essenes. #406 The story of Reynard is one of the great fictional themes of all time. Its origin is apparently French, of the 11 or 12 th C, thought some incidents go back to the 10th C Ecbasis Captivi, + even earlier to the Aesopic fables of Ino-European origin. Caxton's immediate source was a Flemish prose version; itelf derived from a verse version in the same language. As Caxton had considered for years in the Rhineland + Netherlands, he was able to translate the Historie van Reynaert de vos (Gouda, G. Leerr. 17 Aug 1479.

mineral pigments earth " synthetic " organic coloriants

oak galls - produced when the eggs of a wasp were laid on the now leaves or twigs of an oak tree gum sanderae - resin from a cypress tree.

Paper was introduced into Spain at the Moorish Univ. in Cordoba.