Farfel Notebook 03: Leaves 135-222

140 Feb 26, 1983 Calif BookFair $80.00 Maggs Bros. Ltd. Manuscript Koran leaf written in black ink on native egg glazed paper 11 3/4 x 8" with text written in space 4 5/8 x 8 3/16" within border of gold, red + blue. 9 lines of nahi script, with illuminated florels between verses. 16th C, Egypt or Syria From Sura XL of the Qur'an (verse 8-12 17) The Bleiver (Moamim). Total 85 verses. Kufic - the earliest form of Arabic script, anguler style. Naskhi - Arabic script of cursive style (Nashi) The earliest printing of any portion of the Scriptures in Arabic came in 1516. oldest extant Qur'an - late 8th C. Korean verse divisions are in gold vowels indicated by red dots Kufic Korean - ink, opaque watercolours + golden paper

Otto Eye - THe Koran was dictated by Mohammed after extensive travels to Syria + Palestine with a wealthy uncle. It was on these expeditions that Mohammed gained his concepts of monotheism + star worship. The 114 chapters of the Koran are arranged according to their length. Th followers of Mohammed believed that the text contained revelations from the Angel Gabriel given to Mohammed in dreams afte rthe year 600. The Koran gave all believers equality + eliminated the priestly class. The art of writing is regarded by Moslems as the finest of the arts, but few wrote before the time of Mohammed; in his own tribe, the Koreishites, only 17 knew how to write. -The 1st printing of the Koran was in 1518. 1514 - the 1st book printed in Arabic types Fano, Italy by Gregorius de Gregoriis

To Moslems the Koran is the very speech of God, given to Mohammed piecemal of periods of revelations + recorded by faithful scribes or memorized by devout followers. The last portion of the Koran did not appear until 632, the year of Mohammed's death. The holy book was standardized in 646 + all variant versions destroyed. It is the most influential book ever produced by a single hand. The subject matter is derived almost entirely from Christian + Jewish sources. Its general message is monotheism, belief in Allah as the one true God whom Mohammed is the last prophet, after Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses + Jesus. The 114 chapters, or Sures are arranged not chronologically since on one knew the time of each novelation but according to length. Written in rhymed prose, the Koran is uneven in style. Arabic has 17 "graphic shapes" which became 28 letters by adding dots over, under + within some of the figures. Arabic is written from rt. to left + as a rule most of the vowels are left out. - A Latin translation was made for the monastery fo Clugny about 1143 but was not published until 1543 (Basel - Bibliander) -Quarenic punctuation is an elaborate system in which 3 kinsd of marks are used -marginal - letter an (E) -O -denotes end of one Ayat + beginning of another -b -denotes a full stop, i.e. end of a sentence. Each Sura consists of a number of Ayats. The language is Arabic - a Semitic language derived from the Aramean alaphbet, + its gradual evolution, as a philologist puts it 'into a curious shorthand' with its many ambgious abreviations of the historic letters, is one of the most remarkable transformations known in the history of calligraphy. And not less remarkable was the swift spread of this once insignificant dialect, unaided by the printing press, to a commanding postition among the great languages of the world. Arabic like Perisan is read from right to left.

The Korans of the Maghaib or the Islamic West departed at an early date from teh stream of development of the central + eastern Islamic lands, developing a curvilinearization of the old Kufic script + preserving a number of archaic features. - papyrus - likely always used for copies of the Koran until sometime in the 10th C. diacritical points to distinguish between letters of otherwise identical form. Vowel marks - are red, green or yellow dots diacritical marks in brown - black, further onthographic digns in blue etc Verse marking is rosette in gold (100th verse - a [inserted] special large one) [end inserted] fully vocalized in red leaf from a Koran IXC - ink, gold + colors on parchment (metropolitan M.) VIII - IXC - parchment dyed red written in ink

Maghibi script of N. Africa + Moorish Spain. In the Kufic Quarans of the 9-10th C the vowels are indicated by dots, usually in red + short diagonal strokes serve as diacritical marks to distinguish between letters of the same form. This is the inverse of the present system which came into use in teh 11th C.

141 Feb. 26, 1983 Calif. Book Fair The Jenkins Co. Austin, Texas $25.00 Shakespeare, WIlliam (1564-1616) Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories and Tragedies See #392 London: Printed for The Fourth Impression Henry Harringman, Edward Brewster, [Richard Chiswell] + Richard Bently. * 1685. folio in sixer. 485 leaves, THe text in 2 col., box-ruled. (184x309mm) Pforzheimer 910 Wing S2915 Jaggssd p. 499 Greg III P. 1119-1121. p. 208-230 - All's well that ends well. 36.5cm x 23 Good copy: 14 1/4 x 9 1/8" S5 p. 217-8. 13 3/8 x 8 11/16" [inserted] 209 S 211 S2 213 S4 15 4 17 5 19 6 221 T 223 T2 225 T3 [end inserted] 3 Varient imprints found in different copies of title page Act III Scene I. Watermark my leaf same as in Stanford copy. In each reprinting more Typograpical errors or "corrections" crept in, due to careless proof reading or ignorant actors in their attmpts to modernize the lines. Harringman's shop "The sign of the Blue Anchor" was one of the chief lounging plans for the literary lights of Restoration London.

Of the 7 added plays only one, Pericles, is an accepted Shakespearean composition. The others were certainl the works of lesser authors byt had fromthier 1st appearances during Shakespeare's lifetime been advertised as his. It must also be noted that this group of 7 plays had in fact been printed in the 3rd folio ed; second issue, in 1664. *"at the Anchor in the New Exchange, the crane in St. Pauls Church-Yard, + in Ruffel St., Convent Garden."

-This is the only ed. of the collections in which each play does not begin a fresh page. -Reprinted from the 3rd folio + contains the 7 additional plays first included in the 1664 issue of the 3rd folio Pericles Prince fo Tyre. The London Prodigal. The history of Thmas Lord Cromwel. Sir John Oldcaste Lord Cobham. The Puritan Widow. A Yorkshire Tragedy. THe Tragedy of Locrina.

Vol III W.W. Greg Z 1008 B58I No. 24 Ref. P. 1120 The printer of The Comedies appears from the ornaments used, to have been Robert Roberts, + he also printed the preliminaries (Sl. Quart, 1951) F.T. Bowers the printer or printers of the later sextions have not been identified. It is clear that the copy, apart from the preliminaries was divided into 3 sections - a single, double + triple alphabet of signatures being alloted to each 1st Comedies 2nd Histories + 1st 4 Tragedies (additional sig. marked with a star) 3rd remaining Tragedies + the additional plays, ran into a 4 fold alphabet.

Updike - "The 1st quarto was Venus + Adonis printed in 1593. The 1st folio appeared in 1623. The quartos were printed from rough roman Types, with rather heavy title pages, in which capitals + lower case letters were used for titles quite indiscriminately. The folios were printed in double comumn with the text in roman + the names of the characters in italic; and although the prefatory matter was set in handsome type, the body of the work had from a printer's standpoint no particular typographic interest.

The typography + press work was divided among 3 seperate printers The type employed throughout is universally larger than in the 3rd folio, but all 3 printers did not use exactly the same sixe. The paper was made by Van Duventegard of Holland. THe expens of printing was apparently born by H. Herringman, the friend + publisher of Dryden, who was one of the 1st English publishers as we now understand that term.