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The Chinese language is written in a script consisting basically of pictographic & ideographic characters written downwards in vertical lines arranged from right to left . the Japanese imported Chinese characters , & their writing system uses them in combination - phonetic symbols called kana . Like Chinese , Japanese is written in vertical lines from right to left. kana - characters that express sounds in contrast to characters used ideographically. 4 Sung masters of calligraphy. 1) Ts'ai Hsiang (1012 - 1067). 2) Su Shih ( Su Tung Po ) 1036 - 1101 ). 3) Huang T'ing - Chien ( 1050 - 1110 ). 4) Mi Fu ( Mi Fei ) ( 1051 - 1107 ). * The Chinese Buddhist literature is somewhat in its style from the classical & historical works of China . It dates from the 1st C of the Christian era, while the Chinese classics & some of the historical works were written long before . The Chinese Bhuddist literature chiefly consists of translations of sanskrit works.
The Chi - Sha ed. ( Kiang su ; 1231 - 1363) The last of the printed ed. of the Chinese Tripitaka begun, but not completed in the Southern Sung period originated at a monastery located on Chi-sha. The art of wood block printing reached a high point in the Sung dynasty.
Contrasted - the ancient age , the medieval period (318 - 1521) in Chinese literature was largely characterized by the cultural cross - fertilization between China & India. The exact date of the beginning of translation of Buddhist lierature from Indie & Central Asia long ago is controversial & has not been completely settled.
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Some of the earliest impetus fo printing seems to have come from Buddhism - its literature & promised rewards for anyone promulgating it.
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(124) Jan.'82 Eichenberger 65SF = $36.11
Breydenbach , Bernhard von ( 1450 - 1497 ) See #29 Latin edition Die hey ligen reyssen gen Jherusalem. ( Reise ins heiligeLand ) Mainz : Erhard reuwich , 21 June 1486. folio. Goff B1193 H 3959 BMC I. 44 GW 5077 Cop : HEHL, PML . 164 leaves ,five of which are extended by additional leaves for woodcuts. Some maps , woodcuts & spaces as in the Latin ed. 43 lines , 201 x 126 mm. Types : 93 text ; 151 heading 3 , 4 , 7 & 9 line spaces for capitals. Same as p.114 from Stanford Latin ed. ( total 148 p. ) De ortii et origine Machometi - Primum Capitulum De tempore et modo que Machomet sectam suam incipit - Tercium Capitulum. 1 st German ed. of this celebrated account of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1483 - 4 . It is illustrated - a notable series of woodcuts by the artist Erhard Reuwich of Utrecht. The Latin ed. appeared shortly before this one ( Feb 11 , 1486 ) ; this edition has the same woodcuts . The work was widely circulated , 12 ed. having appeared before 1522 in Latin , German , French & Spanish.
Mehmet II - the Turkish conqueror of Constantinople.
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Breydenbach, Bernhard von Die heyligen reyssen gen Jherusalem. * [ Speier : Peter Drach , after 1500 ] folio. Goff B 1195 H . 3958 Pell 2984 Polain (B) Ip. 575 (1505) BMCII 499, GW IV col. 656 ( after 1502 ) Screiber 3632 Fairfax Murray 97. Cop. HEHL , NYPL , UNCL , New L. #(85690) not done before 1495 ; my leaf G3 (of 6 ), fruit 1/2 of vol. no rubrication noe colophon. Machomet [inserted]See #314[end inserted] - large headline [crossed out]of[end crossed out] on f6 - In das under teyl diffes ersten furnem lichen teyles zu Schrieben von Sitten gervonheiten und yrtummen derren dye im heiligen lande zvonen eyn clein vorrede vahet an." - 126 leaves , A'o ( a - f ) B6+2C -S6.
Goff B1193, my leaf is folio 70 in this edition. Type & text the same except for minor spelling variotionshowever there are no larger headings and no signatures in this German ed. BMC II 499 Reise ins heilige Land. [About 1495] 126 leaves , inclusive of those which are printed the woodcut plans , some of them - extensions, einserted between guires A & B between B3 & B4. 48 lines , 226 X 134 mm Types : 155 , title & headings ; 93 b text . Capital spaces , some - guide letters. Type 155 - large Type used for text of Missals & for titles & headings. Used 1493 - 99. 93B German cursive & Schwabacher Type. 2 forms of lower case d occur , one broad , the other narrow. - 3rd German edition.