Farfel Notebook 01: Leaves 001-064

Polyglots, Interliners, & Parallel-Colun Versions 1) earliest Polyglot of every part of Bible. 1516. folio (Genoa) 2) Cardinal Ximenes' Complutensian Polyglot 1502-1522 (1514-17) 3) Tremelius' Polyglot (N.T.) 1569 5) The Heidelberg Triglot 1586-87 6) Hamburg Polyglot 1596 - 2 volume folio painted at Hamburg by Jacobus Lucius Juni. Contains the whole Bible in the LXX version, the Vulgate, the Latin version of Payninue, & Luther's German. It is the earliest illustrated Polyglot Bible. 7) Hutter's 12 language Polyglot 1591 (Nuremberg) 8) Geneva Triglot 1628 9) Le Jay's Paris Polyglot 1645 *10) Walton's London " 1655-1657 11) 5 version German Bible 1710-1712 (Hamberg) 12 The English Hexapla. 1841 Vulgate - as contrasted with newer Latin texts such as Erasmus, Beza, Pagninus + Castalio Theodore de Beza, the greatest biblical scholar of his day - Latin New Testament of 1557/6. (1519-1605) Bible N. T. Greek 1589 - earliest edition 1565 - became Calvin's coadjutor + successor at Geneva. Gothic Bible of Wulfila finished in 380. 1st appearance of the Bible in a country cut off from the Mediteranean basin Bible manuscripts - oldest known Codex Vaticanus - 350 AD - in Greek Codex Alexandrinus - 1st half of 5th C - in Greek Codex Ephraemi - 5th Cent - in Greek Codex Simaiticus - 4th C A.D. best + most reliable text of New Testament (Tuschendorf) Dead Sea Scrolls - Isaiah manuscript (Aramaic) 100 B.C.

First press set up in the Colonies - Cambridge, Mass. Stephen Daye active from 1638-92

Eliota Indian Biblio Bay Psalm Book

Robert Aitken came from his native Dalkeith in Scotland to settle in Philadelphia (1769) -began publication of "The Pennsylvania Magazine" -learned book binding in Edinburgh -became a printer in 1774 to which Thomas Paine often contributed -publication of the "Journals of Congress" 3 doors above the Coffee House in Market St., a sign the Pope's Head Jan 21, 1781 he had presented to Congress a petition announcing his determination leaves are of paper made in Pennsylvania The brevier [inserted] 20 lines = 54mm [end inserted] type employed is the same he used in the publication of 4 editions of the New Test.

The edition of the King James Bible published by Aitken in 1982 was generally in 2 volumes, though a few copies were issued in a single volume.

The English Bible - F.F. Bruce p. 111 Like its predecessors the A.V. included a translation of the Apocrypha. The Puritan party, however, & those who took their guidance from Geneva rather than from Canterbury, disapproved of the inclusion of the Apocrypha in the Bible at all. It is not without significance that the 1st English Bible printed in America (1782-3) omitted the Apocrypha. 1st Bible printed in America - John Eliots Algonquin version published at Cambridge, Mass. - The N.T. in 1661 - O.T. in 1613 1st Bible printed in a European language in America was a German Bible published at Germantown, Pa. in 1743; it did include the Apocrypha.

Old Testament translations from the Hebrew into other languages - "versions" the Septuagint (Fark), the Tangums (Aramaic) the Beshitta (Syriac) the Old Latin, the Coptic & the Vulgate (Jerome's Latin translation) Prior to the discovery the Qumran scholar our direct knowledge of the Hebrew Old Testament was limited largely to the test of Rabbinic Judaism, which is known as the Massoretic Text ("traditional") Pentateuch (Torah)

Macauley said: "If everything else in our language should perish it (the Authorized Version] alone would sufficce to show the whole extent of its beauty & power." King James Bible represents the work of 50 committee members, & was seen through the press by Miles Smith & Thomas Bilson. It is recognzed that from 1611-14 there are 2 distinct editions in various sizes.

Moule # 240 - 428 x 279 mm another copy 403 x 260 mm (16 x 10 1/2") revised #309 [1611?] (folio 357 x 225) 2 separate editions [inserted] differ in many small details - but known "He & She"[end inserted] were put out in 1611. This version has been revised several times - 1615-1629, 1638 Dr. Paris revised it for Cambridge in 1762 Dr. Blayney revised it for Oxford in 1768 Headlines, chapt. contents marginal ref. and words not in the original are printed in roman type; alternative & other renderings [with] a very few notes in the margins are in italics "He" most prob. the earlier, unlike the "She" it is homogeneous, while the latter "is made up in a very remarkable manner not only [with] reprints but [illegible] it is often mixed with the other issue, [with] the preliminary leaves of 1613, 17 &34." - 1st issue of 1st edition folio in Black Letter composed of 11 signatures & 714 leaves of text - 59 lines to column. Distinguished from later issues by many errors in the text. 1640- usually admitted to be " the best & the last of the Barker Black Letter folios, a reprint of the early issues Revised # 453 Moule #421. The last of the folio editions in large Black letter printed between 1611-1640 - rules round the pages do not meet at the corners. Marginal readings in roman type instead of italics (432 x 273 mm) folio 363 x 230. Generally agrees very closely [with earlier ed.] Otto Ege Bible leaves "He" [size of text block on a page] 36.1 cm. x 22.3-4 [size of the leaf] 41 cm. x 27.5 "She" [size of text block on a page] 36.2 cm. x 22.8 [size of the leaf] 39.8 x 26.2 cm "A Ready Reference History of the English Bible" Rev. 1965 - American Biblo Society, N.Y. -Santa Clara Library King James Bible= "The Noblest monument in the English Language" - Lowes

Tyndale's 1st New Testament printed Cologne 1525 by Peter Quentel (80 quarto pages) -> completed at Worms - Feb 1526. (an octavo edition) 2 copies still exist. Translated from Erasmus's Greek Testament. Tyndales' revised New Testament - Nov. 1534 + "altogether Tyndales' noblest monument." 1536 - executed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at Vilvorde

CHAPTER THREE The English New Testament in Print

The Printing Press THE THREE QUARTERS of a century from 1450 to 1525 were momentous years in the history of Europe. Mid-century witnessed the invention of printing--an invention which seems so simple to us who are acquainted with it that it may seem surprising that no one had thought of it before, or at any rate had thought of it as a means for multiplying the output of books. Few inventions, apart from the invention of writing itself, have had such far-reaching implications for human life and culture. Henceforth, where formerly each individual copy of any work had to be laboriously transcribed by hand, hundreds or evven thousands of identical copies could be produced at one printing. The credit for the discovery goes to Johann Gutenberg of Mainz in the Rhineland. The first dated printed work is a Latin Psalter of the year 1454; the first major work to emerge from the press was the Latin Bible of 1456--commonly called the Mazarin Bible, because of the interest excited by a copy of it belonging to the great library of the seventeenth-century French statesman Cardinal Jules Mazarin, but more justly known as the Gutenberg Bible.

The Pentateuch in Hebrew was printed at Bologna in North Italy in 1482, and the complete Hebrew Bible at Soncino, near Cremona, in 1488. The New Testament was first printed in Greek in 1514 at Alcala in Spain, under the direction of Cardinal Ximenes. This printing formed part of the Complutensian Polyglot (so called from Complutum, the Latin name for Alcala). In this the New Testament appeared with the Greek text and the Latin Vulgate in parallel columns; in the Old Testament section of the work the Latin Vulgate was flanked by the Hebrew and the Septuagint Greek like our Lord 24

Coverdale's sources 1) Tyndale (N.T.) 2) Vulgate (O.T.) 3) Dominican Scholar Sanctos Pagnimus - new Latin translation (1528) 4) Luther 5) Luther's test adapted to Swiss German (Zurich 1524-29)

John Wycliff (c 1330-1384) early (bet. 1360-84) & later version (appeared after his death)

King James, London, 1633 Robert Barker - Folio, 737 leaves, 2 columns, 59 lines to the full column. 39x26 cm. - 2 printing offices were apparently used & many minor editional & typographical differences derived from this arrangement which was designed to provide a large edition in a short period.

THE ENGLISH NEW TESTAMENT IN PRINT

on the cross between the two thieves, commented the editor as though disguising his enthusiasm for the new learning). But while the New Testament part of the enterprise was printed in 1514, it was not published until some years later, when the whole work, running to six volumes, was complete. The first Greek Testament to be published therefore, was the first edition prepared by the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus, printed at Basel and published in March 1516. This first edition was followed in rapid succession by others in 1519, 1522, 1527 and 1535. It was one or another of the editions of Erasmus which formed the basis for Luther's German New Testamend, first printed in 1522, and for William Tyndale's English New Testament, first printed in 1525.

William Tyndale's translation was the first English New Testament to be printed. Surprise has sometimes been expressed that no attempt had been made to print the earlier English New Testament, the second Wycliffite version, which enjoyed a wide circulation in manuscript throughout the fifteenth century. William Caxton set up his printing-press towards the end of 1476 at the sign of the Red Pale in the almonry at Westminster (on the site of the modern Tothill Street). The output of his press was voluminous, including a number of his own translations, for her was an able linguist. Among his major editions were the works of Chaucer and Sir Thomas Malory's Morte d' Arthur. Had he been minded to print the Bible in Purvey's version, his press was certainly equal to the task, and the work would have been sure of an even readier sale than Chaucer and Malory. But the Constitutions of Oxford were still in force, and it would probable have been difficult to secure episcopal permission for such wholesale profuction and discribution of the English Bible.

Caxton did, however, rint some portions of the biblical text in 1483 English in his translation of The Golden Legend. This work, originally compiled in Latin by one Jacobus de Voragine who later became Archbishop of Genoa, consisted mainly of lives of the saints, including the biblical patriarchs and apostles. The biographies of the biblical characters were to a large extent transcripts of the relevant biblical texts, and so Caxton's printing of this work included fairly literal renderings not only of parts of the New Testament but also of most of Genesis and part of Exodus. In 1509 a printed edition of

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Z 239 G 72 L91 F leaf from King James Bible - 1611 From 1611 - 14 there were 5 editions which nearly corespond, yet in close inspection differences can be noted. The Black Letter folio editions of the Royal Bible 1) "He" Bible of 1611 2) "She" Bible of 1611 or 13 3) a smaller Type edition on paper of the same size as The others, with 72 1. instead of 59 to the column, 1613 4) 1617 5) 1634 6) 1640.

1611 - had no theological notes, its interpretation being left to the individual reader; references to parallel passages were inserted in the original boxes.

line

A.V. - 3 editions appeared in quick succession in the year to publication. The earliest is brown as "the great He edition" + the other 2 as "the great She editions" becasue the 1st renders the closing words of Ruth 3:15 "as he went into the city" whereas the others have "she" (the Hebrew manuscripts themselves are devided between "he" + "she." Quarto + octavo editions were published in 1612. Paragraph marks ([?]) indicated the beginning of each paragraph up to Acts 20:36, but appear after this point. Why this should be is not certain.