Farfel Notebook 01: Leaves 001-064

Cistercians founded by St. Robert de Molesme, who in 1098 established a community of Citeaux in France, dedicated to the literal observance of the rule of St. Benedict. It was above all the prudence & zeal of the 3rd abbot of Citeaux, English born St. Stephen Harding (d.1134) that made possible the expansion of the struggling community into a vigorous new order. Under his rule the first 4 daughter houses of Citeaux (La Fonté, Pontigny, Clairvaux & Morimond) were est. bet. 1113-15 & in 1119 he drew up the Carta caritatis, a code of statutes for the government of the whole order. The subsequent rapid expansion of the Cisterciens was inspired largely by the genius of St. Bernard of Clarivaux who joined the order in 1112. At his death in 1154 there were some 280 abbeys In 1892 the order was divided into 2 observances, the C. of the Common Observance, & the Order of C. of the strict Observance (OCSO) often called Trappists.

- egalitarian method of recruitment portable, breviary, portos - insisted on the importance of work

Ecclesiastes 1) Verba Ecclesiastae filii David regis Hierusalem Vanitas vanitatum dixit Ecclesiastes vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas quid habet amplius homo de universo labore suo quod laborat subsole generatio preterit et generatio advenit tena vero in aeternum stat

#85651 HEHL (not b. 1502) begins with a calendar. post festu penth to Dominicia XXX mine Dominica XII - about end first 1/3 of volume

GW 5199 1) Kalenderium 12 Bl. 2) Proprium de Tempore 164 Bl. (i 6) 3) Psalterium 112 Bl. 4) Proprium de sanctis 88 Bl.

31 75F=$16 May '76 Paris - P. Proute

Comedies of Terence

[crossed out] Terentianus Maurus [end crossed out] Comoediae. Terentius Afer, Publius (?185 B.C. - 139 B.C.) (with the commentary of Guido Juvenalis, revised by Jodocus Badius) - "the African" Lyons: Johannes Trechsel, 29 Aug 1493, 4[to] HC 15424 BMC VIII p. 295 Goff T91 Latin Cop - HEHL (-), Harv CL (Houghton Lib.) PML, Folg SL. 159 woodcuts with only a few repetitions 320 leaves 47 lines of gloss surrounding text + headline 183(192)x120mm.

Types 107 R title, text, headlines; 78 R; gk. Capital spaces, almost all with guide letters. Woodcuts. the headlines give the names of the plays and the numbers of the acts. (a - z & A - Q8)

I T La marque de Trechsel

(Qusdragesimale armeum) -Johannes Trechsel - earliest known book - 9. Feb. 1488/9 - died about middle of 1498 - he was succeeded by J. Clein.

- The high point of Lyon's book production of the 15th C is the Comedies of Terence, printed in 1493 by J. Trechsel of Mainz. The book is set in two sizes of type, one for the text + the other, very small, for the commentary. Throughout the book the plays are copiously illustrated with larger than 1/2 page cuts which show the actors on stage; they are full of detail + convey a strong sense of theater.

1493 the 1st illustrated Terence, as well as the 1st [crossed out] illustrated [end crossed out] printed book to contain illustrations of a theatrical performance. Arthur (Gunst NE 1030 H55) M. Hind called this work, 'the high water mark of book illustration at Lyon in the 15th C.' -" le dessinateur reste in connue."

C.F. Murray The remarkable woodcuts in text are all about the same size (4 3/4 x 4") and inclusive of that on the title page number 160, only a few of which appear to be repeats. (my page illustrated. sig f4vo.)

A. Claudin - Ref 2144 C 61 f Vol. 4

p 517 Jean Trechsel etait peut-etre originaire de Bale. En 1488 il succeda a Nicolaus Philippi, dont il épousa la veuve. (he had married the widow of N. Philippi who died in 1488 & so came into possession of that printess stock) Il est mort en 1498, pendant qu'il imprimait un Avicenne qui a été acheve par Jean Cleir. Trechsel laissait deux fils trop jeunes pou lui suceder immmediatement; ceux-ci ne s'etablisant imprimeurs à Lyon qu'en 1515.

(?185 BC - 159 BC) P-69 Claudin IV Terence - On y compte 159 planches gravées sur bois 50 pur L'Adrienne * (5 Acts) His 1st play. (The Woman of Andros) 166 BC 28 " L'Eunugue (The Eunich) -161 BC) 24 " L'Heautontimorumenos (the Self Tormentor) 163 BC 30 " Les Adelphes (The Brothers) 161 BC 26 " Le Phormion (Phormio) 161 BC 21/179 " l' Hecyra (The Mother of Lars) 165 BC

Terence was born at Carthage about the date of Plautus' death, probably in 185 BC, possibly as much as ten years earlier, & died in 159. He was a native of Africa & apparently a mulatto or a quadroon. In childhood he was brought to Rome & became the slave of one Terencius Lucenus who gave him an excellent education & later bestowed on him freedom & his own name. Terence early became a friend & protégé of the illustrious Scipo Africanus Minor. Terence produced six comedies. He then journeyed to Greece & Aoia Minor, but died on the way home at the age of 26 or little more His most famous sentence is also his most emphatic assertion that our great need is not virtue, not wisdom, so much as a sense of humanity - homo sum: humani nil a me aluinum puto: "nothing human do I count alien to me, for I too am human."

-Trechel's press became famous through Jodocus Bodius Ascensius who acted as proof reader.

The woodcuts provide the best record we have of the actual appearance of the medieval stage. The costume of the characters & general arrangement of the stage as shown in these pictures are probablt quite characteristic of thematic presentations in the middle ages. The stage is a platform probably exposed to the view of the audience on 3 sides, the back being occupied by curtains forming 4 compartments in front & on one side.

Kraus Cat. Z999 K91I38 - The editor, Guy Jouenneaux (Guido Juvenalis) was a native of Le Mans who attained a great reputation in his day as a grammarian & teacher; he became abbot of S. Sulpice de Bourges & died in 1507. His commentary, first published in the previous year is here revised & supplemented by the learned Radius Ascensius, who was then Trechel's press corector & later himself a printer. The metrical text is here printed a prose.

HEHL (-) 207432 rubricated in red & blue my leaf fiiii (of 8) Quartus actus. A6 to 95 Andriae opens the volume followed by Eunuchi on the woodcut there is no break face (Mi) or the border lines

The comedies are here edited t the commentary of Jodocus Radius Ascensius, at that time Trechsel's press corrector, & later a printer himself. Radius had received the permission of Guido Juvenalis to use & revise his commentary which had been published the year before. It was Radius who caused the woodcuts to be made so that the illiterate might be able to understand the action from the illustrations.

Each play has its own stage set, a backdrop indicating the houses of the dramatic personae; the set stays the same throughout one play. Before it the action takes place; the actors, each character immediately recognizable by his costume, are drawn t a vivid & humerous touch.