Asa Gray Correspondence files of the Gray Herbarium

2) oblong-lanceolate, irregularly dentate. — Our specimens are from 2 1/2 to 3 feet high, more or less branching; spikes 4 to 7 inches long, slender, interruped; glomerules c composing the spike formed below by 3 to 5 or 8, above by fewer heads, mostly sessile, but in one or two instances we find the lowest ones pedicellate; — at the end of the spikes the heads are often single. Pistillate flowers numerous, in many series, perfect ones 2 to 4 in the centre.

257 Silphium scaberrimum Ell. Shady woods west of the Brazos, near Industry. May to July. Obovate or oblanceolate obtuse chaffy scales adhering to the base of the broadly winged somewhat pubescent achenium. 258. Halea ludoviciana Torr & Gr. Sandy open Postoak woods, west of the Brazos, May to August. — From a large perennial rather fleshy root rise many stems 2 to 5 feet high, branching above; lowest leaves rhobmic ovate, or ovate — lanceolate, acute, tapering into a petiole of nearly their own length or shorter; a little higher up the bases of the petioles become widened and clasping as in Silphium perfoliatum, and the upper leaves are entirely connate-perfoliate, without any show of petioles. — Exterior involucre in all our specimens sharply four angled, scales rhombic-oval, acute, on the margin and the inncer side whitish ciliate-pubescent. Ray flowers with a hairy tube (not only involute), tube of disc flowers likewise hairy. 259. Helianthus lenticularis Dougl. In low shady woods and on wet prairies between the Brazos & Colorado; July to Septemb. — In the prairies it is lower, but in the bottom woods it attains the hight of 10 and 12 feet; the lower leaves are 6 to 9 inches long and 5 to 8 inches broad; flowers 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 inches in diameter; achenia oval, thicker than usually in this genus. 260. Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Prairies, margin of woods, along fences and in deserted fields, in patches together; common from Houston to the Colorado; fl. in October and November; the latest flowering species in Texas. — It grows 4 to 7 feet high, much branched. Our specimens from Houston have a slightly scabrous, those from the Brazos a canescently scabrous involucrum; chaff mostly entire, abruptly acuminate and at the apex pubescent, rarely with two very small lateral teeth. The lowest leaves are slightly petioled, but at both ends long attenuate-acuminate; very slightly repandly denticulate, equally scabrous on both sides. 261. Helianthus asperrimus n sp. perennis, caule erecto simplici, infra glabriusculo, supra hispido; foliis alternis, lanceolatis, subsessilibus integris β. obscure denticulatis, penninerviis, rigida, supra subtusque hispido-apserrimis; capitulis singulis terminalibus β pluribus in axillis foliorum superiorum breviter pedunculatis; involucri squamis lanceolato-linearibus, acuminatis, apice squamosis, canescenti-hispidus floribus disci pubescentibus; acheniis glabris squamis pappi 2 elongatis lanceolato-subulatis fimbriatis.

Covering large patches of the prairies between the Brazos & Colorado; October. — Near H. giganteus Lin but easily distinguished by its great roughness, low growth, simple stem etc; also near H. cinereus Torr & Gr, but apparently distinguished by the narrower, lanceolate featherveinted, not ovate oblong leaves triplinerved leaves, by their great roughness, by the more or less squamose involucre, and by the globrous achenia. Perhaps to near H. maximiliani Schr. but distinguished by

3) its low simple stem, more canescent, broader and less squamous scales of involucre. —The simple stems rise from a thickened rhizoma 2, 3 or 3 1/2 feet high; in the flowering plant they are naked below, with larger crowded leaves about the middle and smaller and fewer ones towards the top; leaves contractd at base, but not petioled, in all our specimens conduplicate, and curved backward, mostly entire, sometimes slightly dentriculate, very rough but more so on the upper than on the lower surface. Heads from one to five, but the terminal one with a long (2 to 4 inches) peduncule, the lateral ones with very short (1 1/2 to 1 inch) peduncles. Heads 2 to 2 1/2 inches diameter; involucral scales linear-lanceolate frequently with setaceously acuminate and spreading tips; chaff of the receptacle mostly pubescent, at top abruptly acuminate, with two very small lateral teeth; rays 18 to 21; dis flowers slightly hairy externally, especially near the throat, proper tube short; achenia (unripe) glabrous with 2 lanceolate subulate, chaffy fimbriate scales of their own length. 262. Helianthus grosse-serratus Mart. var. sericeus, banks of rivulets and margin of woods, west of the Brazos; August to October. — This appears to be the original form of this very variable species; stem very smooth and glaucous, leaves rather obtuse at base, coarsely serrate with divaricate teeth, tomentum on the lower side very soft and silky. The involucral scales are nearly smooth and many nerved; chaff mostly entire, acute, but not abruptly acuminate; laciniae of the disc flowers very frequently with a third (middle) nerve.— Near St. Louis several other forms are common; with opposite or alternate leaves, tomentose or only slightly canescent below, with strongly ciliate or nearly smooth scales of the involucrum; but all have leaves with a very acute base and slight and appressed serratus, and narrower, mostly 3-nerved involural scales. 263. Helianthus grosse-serratus Mart. β. scarior. This variety was collected with H. maximiliani, and the specimens of both were mixed. They are readily distinguished however by all the leaves being petioled, more canescent than scabrous on the lower surface, and appresse-serrate (or nearly entire); they are very acute at base, and the stems, through somewahte glaucous, are slightly scabrous throughout. The large single (lower) leaves, laying in the same envelloppe with this and H. maximiliani evidently belong to this species; they are petioled, attenuated at base serrate, and canescent on lower surface.

Helianthus maximiliani, asperrimus, giganteus, and grosseserratus are very near each other. H. grosse-serratus is principally distinguished by the petioled leaves (which are only in one form really coarsely serrate!) and the glaucous smooth or slightly scabrous stem; H. giganteus by the hirsute or pilose stem and leaves; H. maximiliani and H. asperimus by the subsessile leaves which are scabrous and equally green on both sides. — The genus Helianthus is one of the most difficult of all those found in N. America, as we can hardly rely on any one constant character. They are all more or less variable, and there are intermediate forms, which apparently connect the most distinct species.

4) 264. Cosmidium filifolium Torr & Gr. Prairies west of the Brazos, May & June. Perennial! — This ornamental plant grows as far north as the southwestern part of Missouri. — 265. Dysodia tagetoides Torr & Gr. Wet prairies near springs on the declivities of the sandstone hills on the Millcreek; August. — Perennial! Dots of the leaves orange yellow. 266. Palafoxia hookeriana Torr & Gr. Sandy post-oak-woods near Industry in patches; fl in August. — This as well as P. texana DC are annuals. 267. Actinella linearifolia Torr & Gr. On the declivities of sandstone hills near Industry. May & June. — Rays yellow, turning white when fading. 268 & 269. Senecio ampullaceus Hook annuus (? s. biennis?) glaberrimus s. floccosus, caule erecto, fistuloso, striato, superne ramoso; foliis inferioribus obovato-spathulatis, in petiolum decurrentibus, superioribus ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, basi subcordatis, semi amplexicaulibus; omnibus subintegris s. denticulatis; cyma corymbosa s. fastigiata; pedicellis apice demum incrassatis; involucro squamis setaceis, paucis calyculato; radiis 7-9; acheniis strigoso-canescentibus.

var. glaberrimus (No. 268) foliis glaberrimus, angustioribus, plenisque bas; angustatis, integris s. parce dentatis; cynis fastigiatis. involucri squamis linearibus acuminatis, glabris β. floccosus (No. 269) caule foliisque junioribus floccosis, foliis latioribus, superioribus e basi lata cordata acuminatis, saepe grossedentatis; cymis corymbosis, involucri squamis linearibus. acutis s. obtusiusculis, apice barbatis.

In prairies between Brazos & Colorado var. on wet places; β. on loose sandy soil of the deserted ant hills, together with Argemone mexicana Fl. in April. — This we have no doubt is Hooker's S. ampullaceus, though it certainly is an annual or biennial plant as our numerous specimens collected with roots, prove. We can not sufficiently distinguish both forms. The glabrous variety grows in wet soil, is much more slender, with narrower leaves; on a few specimens we can observe a remnant of flocculency. The variety from dry places is much stouter, with broader, thicker and darker green leaves, often whitish below; whole plant more or less floccose; flowers 50 or 60 in each head. 270. Lygodesmia aphylla DC β. texana Torr & Gr. — Prairies, margins of woods, west of the Brazos; June & July. — Root penetrating deep into the soil forming elongated tubers. 271. Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus Nutt Prairies near San Felipe, in groups, but not closely together; — fl in April. — Perennial! — Root slender bearing a few inches below the surface a globose or ovate tuber, similar to the root of Cynthia dandelion DC; leaves rarely oblanceolate, sinuately dentate, commonly runcinate, or pinnatifid, lobes triangular or angulatetoothed, divaricate. Scapes several from one root, 6 to 12 inches high, with or without a bract in the middle; heads as large as in P. carolinianus DC

5) 272 Asclepias (Otaria) lindheimerii n.sp. rhizomate perpendiculari, incrassato, herbarcum pubescentem singulum erectum s. plures adscendentes emittente; foliis oppositis ovatis, obtusis , s. lanceolatis, acutis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, utrinque puberulis; pedmoulis brevissimis, lateralibus; pedicellis gracilibus, pubescentibus, corollae laciniis oblongis acutis, pedicello dimidio longioribus; cucullis ad apicem sensim dilatis, 3 lobis, gynostegium plus quam duplo superantibus; processubus binnis, altero exerto incurvo, altero breviore incluso, erecto; folliculis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, puberlis, carina exteriore aculeis innoccis armatis.

In black clayey soil near Industry from June to August. — Stems one or generally several from a thick tuberous perpendicular root, erect or mostly ascending 6 to 16 inches high; leaves mostly broadly oval, and obtuse but in some specimens (generally the taller ones) lanceolate and acute; umbells nearly sessile, between the base of two petioles; flowers large, greenish; calyx pubescent, one third the length of the petals corolla; segments of corolla about 5 lines long 1 line broad, pubescent exteriorly; cuculli of the same length; nearly three times as long as the slightly stipitate gynostegium, at base auriculate, very narrow about the middle widened towards the point, and double up, but not tubulous; when expanded, they appear 3-lobed middle lobe crennulate, rounded, lateral ones shorter acutish; horns double, the shorter one erect, included, the longer one exserted, curved inwardly and near horizontally; both horns as far as includes, and the inside of the cuculli minutely pubescent;* cusps of the anthers membranaceous, roundish obtuse, erect; *note. The only other Asclepius with a bifurcated horn, known to us, is {Asclepius} obtusifolia Mich; both prongs are slightly exserted, but the inner one (that next to the inner surface of the cuculli) is as in our plant, shorter than the other.

follicles ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate "8-angled; angles often somewhat tuberculated, exterior one with soft spines or a dentated crest" (Lindh.). We find specimens with nearly ripe fruits on the lower part of the stem and open flowers above, without intermediate half grown fruits, so that the same plant appears to flower at different times during the season. — Very distinguished from any other North American species, but near {Asclepias} longicornu Benth. from Mexico; in Decaisnes' description in DC. prodr. we can not find any other difference than the shorter cuculli, and the roundish ovate and cansescent cuculi follicles; it is not stated, whether the cuclli are three lobed, nor whether they have double horn.

It may not be improper to add here the description of a nother new species of Asclepias, found in the neighborhood of St Louis, Mo.

Asclepias glaberrima n.sp. glaberrima laete virescens erecta, foliis ovatis, obtusis, mucronatis, basi subcordata sub-sessilibus, transverse et pedicellis basi bracteis lanceolato-linearibus acutissimis fultis; sepalis lineari- lanceolato-linearibus, acutis, alabastum dimidium superantibus; corolla laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis, reflexis, pedicello; dimidio brevioribus; cucullis ovatis, obtusis, crenulatis, basi biannum

6) biauriculatis, gynostegium breviter stipitatum multo superantibus, processu fulciformi, acutissimo supra gynostegium horizantaliter incurvo.

Wet meadows of the American bottom, opposite St. Louis.fl. in August. Stems erect, 2 to 3 feel high; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, 2 inches broad, subcordate, upper ones truncate at base, with a sharp mucro, not appressed; light green, but hardly glaucous, very delicately nerved; only the the upper ones quite sessile, the lower ones with a very short petiole; umbells with many lanceolate linear bracts, which are mover conspicuous than in most other species; pedicellls stout, sepals acuminate, green; corolla externally green, internally reddish cinereous, laciniae about 5 lines long, ovate lanceolate, acutish, longer than the cuculli; cuculli purple\ish, much longer ; though not twice as long as the shortly stipitate gynostegium, ovate, hardly lobed, but crenulate or emarginate; horn arising from the base very acute, curved horizontally over the gynostegium; cusps of the anthers ovate, acute, covering the stigma.

Very near {Asclepias} amplexicaulis Mich, for which plant I took it, till a much larger, and stouter, erect plant; leaves less cordate, not amplexicaulis clasping nor oppressed, hardly glauceous, strongly mucronate, more delicately veined; peduncles are petioles stouter, flowers nearly twice as large; sepals more acute and larger in proportion to the corolla; cuculli much longer than the gynostegium, with a long, acute, horizontal not short nearly erect-obtusish horn; pollen masses nearly than times as large. 273 Gonolobus ? parviflorus n.sp. caulibus basi ramosis adscendentibus s. prostratis, hirsuto-pubescentibus; foliis ovatis, cordatis, acutisculis, breviter petiolatis, utrinque puberulis; pedunculis brevissimis, s. subnullis; floribus geminis; pedicellis basi bractea sublata suffultis, petiolo plerumque longioribus; calycis hirstui lobis ovatis hirsutis acutis, corollae laciniis ovatis, obtusis, extrorsum subpilosis, introsum glabris (ex viridi purpureis); corona staminea cyathiformi, gynostegii basin cingente, 5-loba, lobis rotundatis crassiusculis, margine tenuiori cinotis, supra processu lineari scaphoideo arcuato ornatis; folliculis ovatis, utrinque attenuatis coriaceis, muricatis, pubescentibus; seminibus (rufis) orbiculatis, marginatis, comosis.

In open post oak woods near Industry, on sandy soil, from April to June. — This is apparently no Gonolobus proper, and is on one side nearly related with Lachnostoma prostratumDne, and on the other still nearer with Chthamalia biflora Dne and Chth. pubiflora Dne. But the very peculiar structure of the corona might characterize it as a distinct genus, if it should be settled, that any diversity of form of this organ would constitute a generic difference in this family. However as Mr Decaisne himself, the monographer of this family in DeCandolle's Prodromus

7. includes Gonolobus hirsutus Mich and G. macrophyllus Mich with their campanulate corona with 10 long subulate and 5 short triangular teeth together with G. laevis Mich with its annular five lobed corona, in the same genus, Gonolobus, of which he says: "corona staminea —— annuli formis —— lobis integris" — we not only consider ourselves authorized not only to refer our plant also Gonolobus, but we also believe that some species at least of his genus Chthamalia (probably the North American ones) must be restored to your the same genus.

Our plant sends from a perennial some what tuberous root mostly several weak stems, 6 to 15 inches high, branching at base, ascending or apparently prostrate; leaves opposite, cordate, with an open sinus, 1 to 2 inches long, 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches broad, on very short (2 to 4 lines long) petioles; uppermost leaves smaller nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate and often more truncate than cordate at base. Flowers mostly towards the top of the stem and branches, with pedicells longer than the petioles; only where they occur lower down the stem the pedicells are occasionally shorter than the pedicells. There is a common peduncle, sometimes a line long, but mostly only half a line long; always bearing two pedicells with 2 subulate bracts at their base. The greenish purple corolla is very slightly hairy outside, and perfectly smooth within about openly campanulate, with the lobes spreading, about 2 lines in diameter. The corona is cup shaped, 5 lobed, the lobes rounded, fleshy, with a thinner margin and in the middle with an incurved processus, which [drawing] reminds us of an Asclepias; this processus is connected at base with the middle nerve of the anther, and is free and incurved at the obtuse point where it is on its upper (or inner) surface excavated, something like a spoon. The membranaceous cusps of the anthers are triangular, acute and cover a part of the very obtusely 5-angular somewhat convex stigma. The extremely small horizontal pollen masses are oblong slightly curved, and hardly attenuated at their exterior (attached) end.

This plant appears to be very near Chthamalia biflora Dne from Red River and only distinguished from it by the petioles being shorter than the pedicells, by the smooth inner surface of the corolla, and by the peculiar corona; it is most probably a congener of it. _______________________________________________ I have three Gonolobus a brown (Missouri & Arkansas) a yellowish (Arkansas) and a green (Ark. Louisiana Texas) The first ones are hardly to be distinguished (I have not got the first); the green one I take to be G. laevis Mx, but believe that G. viridiflorus Nutt is the same; glabrous greenish flowers, ribbed follicles, a small indistinctly 5-lobed corona, and 5 fleshy projections of the centre of the anthers, under the very narrow membranaceous cusps or rather margins. What is G. suberosus R Br? — I do not like Decaisne entirely; why Acerates so far from Asclepias? Why Amaranthus paniculatus (I take it to be a plant which I have from Missouri, Arkansas & Texas with open not reflex and corolla and open, not erect, very curious corona) drawn to Acerates; why cuculli and not a few have them longer than the gynostegium. Why this arrangement with Gonolobus, mentioned above.

St Louis Febr. 20th 1845 My dear Doctor

Two or three days ago I received your letter of Febr 3d and the next day the very interesting pamphlets. What an eternal pity that government will not expend a few thousand dollars more in these expeditions and employ also a botanist, geologist etc. — You will now have my first description letter, and have the second; the others will follow as soon as possible. The Cactus' are ready packed for you; but I am yet affraid to send them on account of your cold winter; — here the hazel begin to bloom; the weather is delightful. —— I suppose you will find no difficulty in adhering the referring the plants sent you to the numbers in this and the last letter, some alteration became necessary; a few I will have to send you, so vesicaria; Helianthus maximiliani sent you may be the H. grosse serratus β. and the large leaf with it undoubtedly belongs to this plant; both were mixed up and I did not observe it before laying aside your

Single 25 [postmark] St. LOUIS FEB 22 Mo.

Prof. Asa Gray Cambridge Mass

[Asa Gray's note:} Greene ?

part. What do you say to the Gonolobus and my description of it? I do not like it entirely but can not describe the singular thing better. — But above all I should like to hear you about the Cactus species. Tell me whether my Mamill. {Maxillaria} similis & sulcata and Opunt. {Opuntia} frutescens are new or are really the same as Nuttall's plants. I have requested Wiley & Putnam to send my De Candolle vol. IX as soon as published. — I should like to retain Lindh. Collection till we have more, but some subscribers become impatient, and what is still more important, Lindheimer must have more money, though he wants very little; and I have can not pay him any longer for his plants, as I have done here to fore before, if I do not get any returns from the subscribers. I shall therefore distribute the plants as soon as I am through with the examination. — — Can you procure for me Prof. {Jared P.} Kirtland's different papers on western fishes in the Boston Journal? or can they be procured in any way? and can the whole journal not be got for our (Institution here, Western Academy of Nat. Sci. {Natural Sciences}), perhaps for an exchange of objects of nat. history, if not as a present? — The fish paper I should like much to get, as I take a great interest in Ichthyology. — I shall write Lindh. about mosses for Sullivant, he says, however, there are few in Texas! — Very truly yours G. Engelmann

If the Institution will pay Lindheimer any thing for the seeds etc it will be all right, but I dont want you to do it your self; they give you trouble and expenses enough without that.

1. Lindheimer, Collect 1844 - contin. 274. Lisianthus russellianus Wet prairies with clayey soil, west of the Brazos, July & August 275. Phlox drummondii Sandy soil, principally near watercourses, west of the Brazos. Among Lindheimer's plants I find a single specimen of another annual Phlox, collected on hard prairie soil: leaves oblanceolate linear, smooth, ciliate at base; stem nearly smooth, panicle pubescent; lobes of calyx setaceous & aristate, nearly twice as long as the calyx tube; corolla pubescent externally with acute or rather mucronate lobes; half as large at the corolla in Ph. drum. and much paler — perhpas only a smooth dwarf variety? 276. Convolvulus pickeringii Torr. Dry sandy prairies west of the Brazos; fl. from May to July. [identical with a specimen under that name received from Mr Curtis] Many prostrate stems from a very long and thick ligneous root.

A few specimens of the following apparently new Convolvulus were also sent. I have laid aside one for you and seeds; if you approve of it, it may be inserted in a note.

Convolvulus lobatus n.sp. radice perenni, caulibus pluribus prostratis, pubescentibus, foliis vastato-lobatis adpresse pubescentibus incanis; lobo medio elongato sinuatodentato; floribus singulis, pedunculis medio bibractoteolatis, petiolo longioribus; sepalis ovatis, obtusis pubescentibus, margine dense ciliatis, corolla infundibuli formi (alba) glabra extus ad nervos pilosa, sligmatibus cylindricis, capsula glabra; seminibus nigris rugosis glabris.

On Sandstone rocks near Industry, west of the Brazos; fl from May to June. Stems prostrate 3 or 4 feet long, flowers with rather small, about 6 or 7 lines long, and as wide. 277. Cuscuta cuspidata n.sp. β. Bottom lands of the Colorado river; August. — For the description see No 125. 278. Lithospermum mandanense Spreng Clayey prairies near Industry, April & May. — One or several erect stems from a black or rather dark purple thick fusiform root, simple below, branching above; whole plant strigosely pubescent canescent, leaves above rather scabrous; lowest leaves oblanceolate or even obovate, obtuse, upper ones linear-lanceolate and linear, acutish; flowers in a very loose leafy cyme; calyx longer than the tubular corolla, lobes of corolla roundish, crenulate hairy outside, erect (always ?); nuts white shining acutish, with a sharp ridge on the inner side and impressed dots on the inner face. — We can not distinguish this plant from specimens collected on the upper Missouri; both are not "decumbent". — We have received a few specimens of a similar plant, collected in prairies near Houston, which has a much more branched stem and smaller obtuse nuts, with only two rows of impressed dots along the carina; flowers not seen. Probably a variety of our plant. 279. Phacelia erectiflora n.sp. piloso-ubescens, racice annuua caulem singulum erectum s. plures ascendentes simplices emittente; foliis inferioribus petiolatis, obovatis, primordialibus integris; caeteris inciso dentatis, superioribus sessilibus laciniatopinnatifidis; racemis terminalibus simplicibus, peduncuicellis fructiferis erectis calycem aequantibus; calycibus piloso-canescentibus, laciniis erectis, oblongolinearibus, obtusisculis, corolla extus pilosa margine denticulato-erosa, capsula 12-sperma.

In sandy soil on the banks of the Brazos near Industry San Felipe; March. — This with the following species belongs to a subgenus of Phacelia, of which I can find no mention; it may be called Pleiospermon as it is distinguished form Phacelia proper by having 12 ovules in the 2-celled ovary, and usually 12 angular scrobiculate seeds in the hairy capsule; tube of the corolla also with 5 pairs of winglike scales with from 5 (nectariferous?) grooves corresponding with the lobes of the corolla, scales often unequal size in the same flower; filaments hairy below the middle

2. — Ph. {Phacelia} erectiflora is a grayish looking very hairy plant; stems in smaller specimens simple, in larger ones several, dividing at base, but not branching, from 4 to 7 inches high; pedicels as well as calyx segments erect, giving the specimens a stiff and compact appearance; corolla apparently pale blue 8 to 12 lines in diameter. 280. Phacelia patuliflora n.sp. puberula, radice annua caules plures prostratos s. adscendentes subramosos emittente; foliis obovatis, obtusis, omnibus basi attenuatis inciso-dentatis, inferioribus petiolatis, superioribus sessilibus; racemis terminalibus simplicibus; pedicellis frutiferis patulis s. sub recurvis, calyce multo longioribus; calycibus pilosis, laciniis patulis ovato-oblongis, obtusis; corolla extus pilosiuscula margine denticulato erosa, capsula 12-sperma.

In woods near San Felipe, March and April. A larger plant than the foregoing stems from 6 to 12 inches long, mostly prostrate; whole plant more green, with fewer and shorter hairs; leaves less deeply incised; with the teeth always ovate obtuse; racemes lax with much longer pedicells; corolla smaller, about 6 lines in diameter, deep blue, yellow at base. 281. Solanum mammosum Lin? foliis basi inaequali truncatis s. subcordatis, angulato-5-7-lobis, lobis repando-dentatis utrinque stellato-tomentosis, ad nervos supra subtusque aculeatis; pedunculis lateralibus, cymosis, pedicellis fructiferis refractis; calycibus armatis s. inermibus, truncatis, laciniis subulatis [drawing] corolla extus stellato-tomentosa.

Roadsides in prairies between the Brazos & Colorado; June. — A stout branching perennial(?) plant; distinguished from S. carolinense by the much denser whitish covering, by the cymose inflorescence, the larger bluish flowers and the truncate calyx tube with abruptly subulate teeth. Fruit not seen. — We have a specimen of a similar plant from the same region, with larger flowers and triangular acute lobes of the leaves; probably a variety of our species. 282. Pentstemon flammeus n sp. Glaberrimus, glaucus, foliis infirmis spathulatis, in petiolum attenuatis, superioribus ovatis, basi lata pedicellis in axillis summis bracterisque perfoliatis; racemo laxo, pedicellis in axillis bractearum singulis bibracteolatis, simplicibus s. bifloris, pedicello altero breviore; corolla tubulosa, cum staminibus et filamento sterili incluso glaberrima, seminibus angulatis.

Dry sandy soil in open woods west of the Brazos, May & June. — A remarkable plant on account of its splendid reddish yellow flowers with scarlet borders, which form a pleasing contrast with the bluish glaucous leaves. It is also the only Pentstemon known to us with a smooth fifth filament. — Stems 18 to 24 inches high, lower leaves 2 to 3 inches long, 1 inch or more wide, upwards gradually smaller; racemes lax, few flowered , 8 to 10 inches long lower and upper pedicells in the raceme one flowered, middle ones with 2 flowers; the lateral flower on a shorter pedicel; pedicels erect, flowers longitudinal; corolla 14 to 16 lines long, limb 7 to 8 lines wide. 283. Gratiola sphaerocarpa Ell On ponds and rivulets, Febrary to April, but also through the whole summer. The specimens collected later in the season are smaller, more erect, with narrower leaves. 284. Castilleja indivisa n.sp. biennis, caule erecto, ramoso, piloso; foliis lanceolato -linearibus, integris (rarissime trifidis) nervosis, e basi lata, semiamplexicauli-

3) angustatis, piloso-pubescentibus; racemodemum elongata; bractus indivisis, inferioribus e basi laate ovata, semiamplexicauli angustatis, herbaceis, superioribus versus apicem dilatatis, obtusis, coloratis; floribus arcte sessilibus; calycis bifidi lacniis retusis corrolam dorso glanduloso-pubescentum vix aequantibus; stigmate capitato, subbilobo, styli diametrum ter quaterve excedente.

Prairies from Houston to the Colorado, fl. from the end of March to June. very near the northern Castilleja (Euchroma Nutt) coccinea, with which it agrees in general habit, though it is much more leafy especially towards the base of the stem; distinguished from it by the usually entire leaves and bracts, which are half clasping with a broad base, not sessile with a narrowed one; by the closely sessile, not shortly pedicelled flowers, and the thick stigma, which is about twice as large as in the northern plant. We have not seen this one from Texas. 285. Hedeoma citriodora n.sp. suffructicosa, ramosissima, pilis crispulis puberula, foliis breviter petiolatis, oblongo-linearibus, integris s. versus apicem denticulatis; cymulis in axillis foliorum 1 to 3 floris; floribus pedicellatis; calyce tuberoso, incurvo, bilabiato, pilis clauso, labii superioris dentibus 3 lanceolatis, inferioris 2 subulatis, longioribus; corollae tubo longe ex serto, limbi labio superiore emarginato, inferiore majore 3-lobo, lobo medio, dilatato obcoradato; rudimentis filamentorum superiorum brevibus; acheniis oblongis.

On Sandstone rocks, near Industry, July. — The whole plant has a strong taste and smell of lemon peel. — Stems from a stout ligneous rhizoma numerous 8 to 12 inches high, somewhat shrubby, much branching; leaves small 4 to 6 lines long, 1 line wide, pubescent or a little scabrous, veined and dotted; calyx near 3 lines long unequal, corolla long exserted, about 6 lines long. 286. Stachyastrum scutellarioides n.sp. Stachyastrum n.gen calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, sub-septem nervis, reticulatis, bilabiatus, labio superiore lato, breviter trilobo, demum apice recurvo; inferiore angustiore bifido, demum incurvo; corolla tubo longe exserto, intus nudo, in facuem dilatato, limbi bilabiati labio superiore breviore plano integro erecto, inferioris patentis trilobi lobo medio emarginato stamina 4, inferiora longiora, filamenta superiora ad median corollam ad nata, omnia medio pilosa; anthene approximatae loculis divaricatis didymae, ad rimam loculorum breviter ciliatae; stylus glaber, apice bifidus, lobis aeaqualibus; achenia subglobosa sicca, laevia.

Herba annua texana, stachydis habitu unde nomen, foliis sessilibus argute serratis, glabris; floribus oppositis in spicam laxam puberulam dispositis.

St. scutellarioides n.sp. In heavy black soil on the prairies near Cat spring, west of the Brazos. fl — April & May. — Annual, stem about 1 foot high, erect, acutely 4-angular, branching above, glabrous; lowest leaves ovate obtuse, attenuate into a petiole, slightly serrate; upper ones ovate — lanceolate, half clasping, below with a narrow, the upper one with a broad base, acute, acutely and unequally serrate, two inches and more long, about 6 lines wide, smooth; inflorescence pubescent; bracts ovate, acuminate, small; flowers opposite, on short pedicells, forming a loose spike, calyx about 1 1/2 lines long reticulated and about 7 nerved (with 5 medial and on the upper lip two intermediate ones) 2-lipped, upper lip with 3 short roundish cuspidate, lower lip with 2 lanceolate acute lobes; after

4) flowering the upper lip is thrown back at tip and the lower incurved so as partly to close the interior, approaching the true Scutellarinae. Corolla about 5 lines long, apparently flesh colour with a yellow throat; upper lip erect, entire, retuse, much shorter than the lower one, which is 3-lobed, lobe horizontal, middle one broadest, emarginate or slightly bilobed, lateral ones entire; corolla smooth inside, but stamens hairy at the middle; anthers purplish, smooth, but with short ciliae or teeth at the sutures. — This genus is apparently intermediate between Scutellarinae and Melissineae, but nearer the first, on account of the shape of the calyx, in flower and fruit. 287. Brazonia annua n.sp. Brazonia n.gen. calyx campanulatus indistincte nervosius, reticulatus, bilabiatus, labii superioris brevissime 3-lobi lobis truncatis, mucronatis, denticulatis demum rejectis; inferiore, breviter bilobo, demum incurvo, calycem fructiferum clandente; lobis denti; lobis omnibus denticulatis; corollae tubes exsertus, intus, prope basin piloso-annulatus; facie inferiore sub fauce concava impressa intus palatum referente; limbi bilabiati undique crenulati labium superius galeatum bilobum, interius horizontale trilobum, lobis bifidis; stamina 4 inferiora longiora; sub galea inclusa; filamenta supra medium corollae adnata, ubi pilosa, incrassata; antherae didymae, ciliatae; stylus glaber, apice bifidus, lobis aequalibus, brevibus; achenia acute triangulata sicca, adpresse pubscentia.

Herba annua texana ad Scutellarinae proxima accedens, ramosa foliis glabriuscilis, sessilibus, eroso-denticulatis, floribus oppositis in spicam densam pubescentem contractis. Nomen a loco natali ad fluminem Brazos.

Brazonia annua n.sp. In sandy soil on deserted ant hills in the prairies west of the Brazos, with Argemone mexicana, Jatropha stimulosa, Helianthus cucumerifolius, Phlox drummondii, etc; fl. May & June. — Annual, stems several, 6 to 8 inches high, branching from the base; or simple pubsescent; leaves 2 to 3 inches long 6 to 10 lines wide nearly smooth; lower ones obovate, obtuse, attenuate into a petiole, above upper ones sessile oblong-lanceolate acutish; upper most somewhat clasping, all irregularly denticulate; spike compact, elongated; bracts ovate, acute, nearly as long as the very shortly pedicelled hairy calyx; calyx nearly 2 lines long, and as wide, closed in fruit, with the upper lip recurved; corolla of a pale rose colour, with yellow dots, about 9 lines long; tube below the lower lip thrust inwardly so as to form a prominent palate in the throat; upper lip with two acute lobes, lower one with 3 obtuse ones, which are again deeply emarginate or 2-lobed; filaments especially the lower (outer) ones remarkably thick, especially in proportion to the small ciliate anthers connected with the corolla for more than half their length and hairy at their proper base near the base of the corolla, and again above, where they detach become free from the tube. — The genus is very near Scutellaria but distinguished by the shape of the calyx, the lips of which are lobed and which is entirely persistent, and by the corolla, which with its singular palate resembles the corolla of some Personatae. 288. Physostegia dilatata n.sp. erecta, glaberrina, inflorescentia tenuissime pubescente; foliis infimis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, integris, so repandodenticulatis, in petiolum alatum decurrentibus; caulinis e basi dilatata, cordata, serrata, sessili angustatis, inferrioribus dentato-serratis, obtusis, superioribus acute serratis, acutis, summis integris; spicis elongatislaxifloris; floribus subsessilibus, calycis dentibus triangularibus, sub-

5) subaequalibus.

Wet prairies west of San Felipe in patches together ; fl. in April. Near Ph. virginiana but a smaller plant, spike more slender, flowers smaller (9 to 10 lines long), but principally distinguished by the leaves, which are, especially the upper ones broadest at base cordate and serrate from the base, which distinguishes this from any other species of Physostegia. The stems are 1 1/2 to 2 feet high, and much more leafy at base than Ph. virginana ususally is, probably on account of its early time of flowering. 289. Verbena multipartita nsp. hirsuta, caule prostrato, radicante; ramis floriferis erecto-adscendentibus; foliis tripartito-multifidis, laciniis linearibus, acutis; spicis terminalibus densis, corymbosis ovatis, demum elongatis; bracteis, demum squamosis et calycibus cis aequalibus ciliato-hispidis; dentibus calycis inatis.

On black heavy soil in prairies near Cat spring, west of the Brazos, common, on roadsides etc. fl. in March & April. — Near V. aubletia but distinguished by the much dissected leaves more prostrate, rooting stem the hairiness, the much dissected leaves, the much denser spike, smaller flowers and shorter calyx, whose teeth are not so unequal; flowers larger than in any north american species with the exception of V. aubletia. All together a very distinct species.

In the Acanthaceae genus making has been carried to a considerable extent as I see from {Stephan F.L.} Endlicher, and we have in stead of Elythraria, Justicia & Ruellia 5 genera at least in the U.S. — If that is right, I have to add 4 more! of which two at least appear to be good. I went with care through all my Acanthaceae, so far as I thought necessary and come to the conclusion that the genera have been split too much: some will certainly do better for sub genera. I have to add some remarks about some plants of the last collection: 160. Dicliptera brachiata is distinguished from the generic character as given in Endlicher by having only 2 seeds in the incompletely 2 celled capsule when the capsule bursts the two valves separate from the top, then the half dissepiments and both sides of each valve separate from its middle part from below, adhering at top, in this way the capsule separates in 8 pieces. Seeds tuberculate. Cotyledons green! 158. Calophanes ciliosus if Calophanes is a good genus we have to separate also our No 157. which is well distinguished from this and from {Carl D.F.} Meisner's genus Dizygandra and we may call it Panicularia; I send here a letter diagnosis, which you may substitute for that of last year. 157. Ruellia (Panicularia ) calyx 5 fides, subaequalis; corolla tubo cylindrico in faucem infudi buliformen sensim dilatato; limbi sub aequaliter 5-fidi lobis obtusis planis, patentibus; stamina 4 corollae fauci inserta, didynama, sub inclusa, filamenta isna basi connata; antherae biloculares lobis linearibus, parallelis basi cuspidatis; germen biloculare, gemmulis ovulis pluribus; stylus simplex stigma simplex, subulatum, secundum, basi denticulo auctum; capsula unguiculata, subteres, lanceolata, utrinque acuta, 2 locularis, 8-12sperma; semina orbiculata, compressa, retinaculis subtensa.

Panicularia nadiflora distinguished from Dizygandra strepens by the entire stigma, and cuspidate anthers, from Calophanes by the larger numbers of seeds and by the stigma. — Easily distinguished from all by the paniculate flowers and the pubescent capsule; from D. strepens also by the smooth (not hairy) filaments, which are not so much connected at base.

6} Meophanes inconspicuus n sp. [Asa Gray's note: Look at the seeds. [ [note?] Meophanes n.gen Calyx 5 partitus, subaequais; corolla hypogyna tubulosa, limbo 5 fido subaequali (erecto?). stamina 4 corolla tubo inserta, didynama, inclusa; filamenta per paria basi in ligulam connata; antherae biloculares, loculis parallelis, muticis; ovarium biloculare, loculis 4-ovulatis; stylus simplex; stigma subulatum, basi dente aucturi (in aeaqauliter bifidum); capsula bi locularis 8-sperma, loculi cide bivalvis, valvis nudio septiferis; semina orbiculata compressa, retinaculis uncinatis subtensa.

Herba mississippiensis et texana, erecta subsimplex, glabra, foliis oppositis cymis axillaribus, paucifloris, corollis minutis, albidis, fugacibus

M. inconspicuus n.sp. Shady low woods between the Brazos and Colorado also in similar situations near St Louis Mo (Engler) and in Alabama (Buckley) fl. June to Septemb; — Stem erect, 15 to 30 inches high, smooth, leaves ovate lanceolate attenuate into a short petiole, smooth, finaly ciliate; 4 to 5 inches long 1 1/2 to 2 inches wide; one or more few flowered bracted or leafy cymes subsessile or peduncled in the axills of the leaves; flowers pedicelled; calyx segments hairy, subulate, nearly equal, as long or longer than the tubular corolla. corolla 4 to 4 1/2 lines long; those examined by me have all an erect limb which is nearly equally 5 toothed, teeth rounded; stamens included; filaments in th flowers which I opened always bent into a knee, the longer ones more than the shorter, so that the anthers all appear on the same level. Style hairy, stigma subulate, bent, glandular only on the upper surface with a stigmati ferous tooth or smaller division. Capsule somewhat unguiculate, subterete, smooth, about 7 lines long, wiht 8 roundish flat smooth seeds. — The St Louis, Alabama and Texas specimens agree minutely.

Here I add a better description of another singular Acanthacea, noticed last year as Justicia ? pinguis; I send you here a few flowers, etc and shall send a specimen with the next opportunity. — If new we ought to describe it in a note. It is near Justicieae, on account of the ringent coroll but has four anthers, and all iwth 2 cells are sometimes wanting, probably and perhaps sterile, Lindheimer says those 2 are sometimes wanting; probably it belongs to the first section of Endlicher, pag 703 near Cryptophragmium, we may call it on account of the unequal anthers Anisandra. NB. Meophanes is intended to mean a plant similar to Calophanes, but less (meon) conspicuaus if my greek is not correct (I have no lexicon or book) please change it as you like.

Anisandra n.gen. Calyx 5-partitus, subaequalis, corolla hypogyna, bi labiata, ringens, tubo recto, at faucem dilatato, labio superiore bifido, inferiore trifido; stamina 4, corollae tubo inserta didynama, subinclusa; antherae bi loculares loculis parallelis, inferiores (posteriores) minores (sterileo ?) raro carentes (Lindheim.) ovarium bi loculare, multi ovulatum; stylus simplex, stigma subulatum, secundum; capsula subteres sessilis, linearis, subteres, acuta, bisulcata, bi locularis, 12-20 sperma, loculicide bivalvis, valvis medio septi feris, semina retinaculis mucinatis sublensa, orbiculata, compressa, pubescentia.

Herba texana paludosa glabra, radicans basi caulis radicante, ramis erectis, simplicibus, foliis longe lanceolatis, sessilibus, floribus in axillis foliorum glomeratis, arote sessilibus; corollis minutis, albis, calycem aequantibus.

Anisandra glomerata n spec. In swamps near Houston; fl. in October

7.) Stems erect simple, rooting at the lower joints (in water) or decumbent in mud, and branching; branches erect, simple; leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6 inches long, 1/2 to 1 inch wide, acute, attenuate at base, ciliate-serrulate; flowers clustered in the axills of the leaves, closely sessile; calyx segments subulate, nearly equal about 3 1/2 lines long ; corolla white, nearly of the length of the calyx, ringent, lips recurved; longer filaments with large shorter, upper ones with much smaller anthers; these smaller anthers are present in all flowers examined by me, and they are always 2 celled, but are perhaps sterile; Mr. Lindheimer has found them sometimes wanting. Style smooth, stigma subulate, simple, one sided, curved, capsules about 5 lines long, narrowly linear, sessile nearly cylindrical with 4 blunt angles and 2 deep grooves, corresponding to the dissepiment; with 12 to 20 imbricated flat roundish seeds, clothed with a reddish pubescente, easily rubbed off. 291. Justicia pedunculosa Vahl In the Comings creek of the Colorado on rocky soil, fl. in August. — Calyx indistinctly 2 lipped, segments nearly equal; tube of corolla woolly inside below the lower lip; upper lip bi lobed, reflexed; lower one deeply 3 lobed; lateral lobes horizontal, divaricate; cells of the anthers distinct, one above the other; stigma acute, simple, 4 seeds.

NB. I can not well make out, when Endlicher wants to refer this and J. {Justicia} humilis which appear congeners. — Meophanes has been collected by myself here and has been in my herbarium since several years, and I actually took it, without looking much at it, for a rich overgrown specimen of Ruellia strepens! past flowering. In examining closely you will find flowers on your specimen too. — I think Dizygandra, Calophanes & Panicularia ought to belong to one genus, but whether distinct from Ruellia proper, I am unable to say. They may form Subgenera. 292. Utricularia cornuta Mich springy wet soil west of the Brazos, April. 293. Oxybaphus biflorus n.sp. caule erecct, glabro, lineis 2 pubescentibus notato; foliis ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, glabris, breviter petiolatis; paniculis pubescentibus involucro biflora, perigonio purpureo, extuse strigoso nervis herbaceis 5 notato, semi-10-fido, filamentis 4-5 longe exsertis staminibus, anthers didymouspelatis.

Prairies west of the Brazos in groups together; fl. July & August. I have collected the same species in Arkansas. — Stems somewhat quadrangular, 3 feet high or more; leaves fleshy, lower ones narrow and smaller 4 inches long, 2 inches wide, upper ones narrower and smaller, all very shortly petiolate. panicle large, loose, virgate, pubescent, involucrum always 2 flowered; perigonium large about 8 lines in diameter, strigose outside, purple with 5 green ribs which correspond with the 5-angles of the hispid ovary, 5-lobed, lobes bifid; achenia 5-angled, rugose, hispid. Apparently distringuished from all other species of the genus by the number of stamens. 294. Boerhavia diffusa Willd. On roadsides in prairies, also a common weed in cultivated soil, on the Colorado. Septemb & October. — Well distinguished from the plant of the Southern States by its perennial growth, its forming large diffuse bushes with prostrate branches, also by its viscose pubescence and glandular glutinous achenia. B. erecta (I have specimens from Alabama and Louisana) is annual, erect, rather glabrous, with entirely glabrous achenia. 295. Rivina laevis Lin. Prairies woods near Industry, west of the Brazos, June to Octob. — Perennial with a ligneous rhizoma. — Is this really R. laevis? I have a small garden specimen under that name, with long dense spikes and much smaller flowers & fruit.