9

HISTORICAL ANNOTATION 637

line of Lloyds that reached back to colonial Maryland. In terms of slaves alone, his
holdings increased from 420 in 1810 to 545 in 1830. An eager student of politics as
an adolescent and a frequent auditor of political debate at the Annapolis State House,
Edward V became a Republican delegate to the state legislature as soon as he reached
the age of majority in 1800. The following year, he was active in securing passage of
a bill removing all restrictions to white male suffrage. From 1806 to 1808 he was a
U.S. congressman, voting in 1807 against a bill to end the African slave trade. For the
next two years he was governor of Maryland, and from 1811 to 1816 he returned to
the state legislature. In 1819 he was elected to the U.S. Senate, from which he
resigned in 1826 to return to the Maryland Senate, of which he was president until
1831. Edward V married Sally Scott Murray on 30 November 1797 and had six children
with her. Settled by Edward Lloyd I in 1658, Wye House, the home plantation
of the Lloyds, was situated on a peninsula formed by the Wye River on the north and
the Miles River on the south. By 1790 Edward Lloyd IV, father of Edward Lloyd V,
owned 11,884 acres in the region. The mansion house was built in 1784 and overlooks
Lloyd's Cove on the Wye River. Aaron Anthony and his family lived in the "Captain's
House," a brick outbuilding near the mansion. Douglass lived at Anthony's home at
Wye House from August 1824 to March 1826. 1810 U.S. Census, Maryland, Talbot
County, 342; Oswald Tilghman, comp., History of Talbot County, Maryland, 1661-
1861, 2 vols. (Baltimore, 1915), 1:184-210; H[enry] Chandlee Forman, Old
Buildings, Gardens, and Furniture in Tidewater Maryland (Cambridge, Md., 1967),
51-80; Hulbert Footner, Rivers of the Eastern Shore: Seventeen Maryland Rivers
(New York, 1944), 269-93; Preston, Young Fredrick Douglass, 26, 30, 37-40,
48-54, 57, 74, 82, 199; BDUSC (online).
5.33 old Aunties and patriarchial Uncles] Slaves commonly used the terms
"aunt" and "uncle" when referring to elder slaves, whether or not they were actual
blood relatives. It is believed that this custom became prevalent during the early
1800s. Slave children were taught to use these titles out of deference and respect for
their elders. Adults used these terms as a means of establishing familial connections
where they no longer existed as a result of forced separations and to continue their
traditional African family structures and customs. Slave owners reserved the terms
"aunt" and "uncle" for older slaves whom they respected and preferred. The use of
kinship language reinforced the hierarchy of the slave community. Owners who used
the terminology probably hoped that they would be inserted into the list of people
whom young slaves learned to treat with respect. Herbert G. Gutman, The Black
Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (New York, 1976), 216-27; Marie
Jenkins Schwartz, Born in Bondage: Growing Up Enslaved in the Antebellum South
(Cambridge, Mass., 2000), 168; Ira Berlin, Generations of Captivity: A History of
African-American Slaves (Cambridge, Mass., 2003), 226-27.
5.33 picanninies] Used as a racial designation, the term "picanniny" usually
referred to young black children. The term signified that the children were unkempt,
immodest, and wild. Most picanniny cartoons show them as having grotesque facial