farfel_n01_052_026

earliest watermark - Bulls Head - appeared in Italy about 1280.
5 of the earliest watermarks - from Brignit

Key
1243 Bologne

Greek Cross
1298 Gisa

fleur de lis
1295 Bologna

makers initials
1294
Bologna

1287 Torallo

folio -> watermark in the centre of the Icaf
guanto -> " " " fold of the Icaf
8* -> again in the centre of the upper edge.

watermarks - indicators of nigin in the beginning - then by degree
they seemed to have assumed the character also of a mark
of quality.

paper of early printing period mainly of 2 sizes -

1) a large folio (90x50cm) - folded over once gave the
large folio size of incumabula as seen in the Biblia of
Adolf Rusch.

2) small folio - subject to greater variations - average size
might be 50x30. From this size the majority of early
folios were made.