farfel_n01_051_026

European papermaking
[inserted] old kingdom of Valencia - town of Jativa - Moorish rules [end inserted] Spain 1144-1131
Italy 1276
France 1348? Troyes + Esson
Germany 1390 [inserted] Stromer mill - Nuremberg. [end inserted]
Switzerland 1411
Poland 1491
England 1494

1690
1st papermill in the Colonies-
est. in Penn. by William
Rittenhouse, a native of
Germany

watermark - 1st "Company" 2nd WR
Mass. (1st) 1728

- early paper was made of linen fibers

- the best grade of paper was a creamy tint.
to the same extent as paper made in later years, owing to the
limited demand for sheets of diverse dimensions & to the
expense of production. For every size of paper - 2 moulds &
one deckle were required.

- the paper used in the 42 line Bible is of the finest quality & in
many ways its excellence has never been supposed. The
watermark of the bunch of grapes is found in much of the
Gutenberg Bible paper. (the bunch of grapes as a papermark
may be of Swiss origin, it is possible that the paper used
in the 1st printed Bible was fabricated in Gutenberg's
native land.)

-Briquet Monts -hills, montagnes, ou collines - Les filigi. 11948 à 11955 et 11957 à
11763 où les trois monts portent bear dans l'un un trait arrow étoilé star shaped et dans
l'autre un trait portant une fleur, sont tous italiens

Vol 3
P 589

"laid marks" - the closely spaced "wire lines" crossed at wider intervals
by the heavier "chain lines."
"deckle edge" - a feathery & slightly uneven edge

- Scarcely a single paper from the European sphere of culture
was made in the middle ages without a watermark (as opposed
to Chinese or Arabian) - the mould used by Oriental papermakers did not
permit of the insertion of a design in the paper.