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failure, of further racial and class stratification in American life. Their images are of racial violence, not of racial progess, of militant posturing, not nonviolent praying, of protestors making war, not peace.

The 1960s - and the civil rights movement - were all of there things, but more than anything else, the 1960s were the years when civil rights became a cause for national concern and national action.

The modern civil rights movement had its origins at Jamestown in 1619 when twenty slaves arrived on a Dutch ship and in 1663, when the first major slave revolt was recorded.

Through slavery, war, segregation and freedom, black protest and revolts have been American constants, never flagging, never ceasing, from Jamestown until today.

The immediate precursors of the 1960s movement were mid-fifties bus boycotts in Baton Rouge, Montgomery, and Tallahassee, late-fifties sit-ins in Oklahoma, Kansas, and North Carolina, anti-Black riots in Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas,