Field Notes: 1961-1962 - India, Pakistan, Nepal, Malaysia, Thailand

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BIHAR [underlined]

STOP 54 - BIHAR: 6 MI N.E. DHANBAD XI-7-61

Stopped briefly just south west of Gobindpur (junction, Grand Trunk Road - Delhi to Calcutta) on the road to Ranchi. Collected on the slopes of a more or less isolated hill covered with secondary tree and Lantana growth. Grass heavily grayed; soil moist from recent rains but well-drained. (laterite, red soil). Collected under stones primarily. 250 specimens 250 meters

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STOP 55 - BIHAR: TULIN XI-7-61

Stopped for an hour during the afternoon in the hills near Tulin, southwest of Jhalda [first letter unclear if "J"]. Conditions much like stop 54, though the hills were composed largely of granite outcrops. Warm, sunny day. 150 specimens 350 meters

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STOP 56 - BIHAR NAMKUM, RANCHI XI-8-61

Five miles E. of Ranchi is the Indian Lac Research Institute, located in flat countryside 675 meters in elevation. Collected primarily in the fields of grass and flowers in the lac plantation between the various host plants of the lac scale (KUSUM tree- Schliechera; BER tree - Zizyphus jujubus; acacia catechu; albizzia lucida; Samanea Samani; "Flame of the forest"*, etc.). Camp located in the Institute grounds, a park-like area of grass, flowers, and large planted trees of many species; some collecting was done in this area. Weather wam and sunny; evenings 65*-70* F, cooling off toward morning. Soil still moist; average rainfall in this region is about 60 inches. 350 specimens *BHUTIA

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STOP 57 - BIHAR: 20 MI. N.E. RANCHI XI-9-61

Collected during the day in rolling countryside covered with scattered Kusum and Sal trees and an abundance of Lantana, the chief weed in the area. Grass grazing areas with stones provided rather sparse collecting while moist rice stubble fields and bean patches were more productive. Warm, sunny day. Elevation 650 meters 300 specimens.

The area may be reached by means of a road running north from the main Ranchi road, having its junction 10 miles E. of Nankum [not sure of spelling].

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STOP 58 - BIHAR: 12 MI. S.E. NETARHAT XI-10-61

Camp located on the Ranchi-

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Netarhat road just at the base of the escarpment of the hills on which Netarhat itself is situated. Collected during the late afternoon and evening, under stones and at the black light. Temperature 68*F. Camp surrounded by forest, primarily Sal. Condition of the ground still moist. Elevation 630 meters. 350 specimens.

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STOP 59 - BIHAR: 5 MI. S.E. NETARHAT XI-11-61

Driving up the escarpment slope of the hills toward the town of Netarhat, we stopped in an area representing more or less the undesturbed flora of the region. . The forest was composed of a number of species besides Sal. Most of the specimens were taken in fields of grass and Xanthium bordering the forest. Ground moist; sunny mid-day. Altitude 1000 meters 400 specimens

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STOP 60 - BIHAR NETARHAT XI-11-61

A quick afternoon stop in a garden planted with many flowere and shrubs in blossom. Nespids collected at flowers. Forest nearby nearly pure Sal, probably planted. Weather warm and sunny. Elevation 1100 meters 50 specimens.

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STOP 61 - BIHAR: 3 MI. N. KODARMA XI-12-61 [crossed out with an X]

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STOP 61 - BIHAR; BARHI XI-12-61

A quick stop in the hills just outside Barhi, near the Tilaya Dam. Collected briefly under stones - old granite, schists, etc. Dry, rather barren hills, supporting some Sal and other trees. 450 meters 75 specimens

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STOP 62 - BIHAR 3 MI. N. KODARMA XI-12-61

Stopped for an afternoon and night in the hills near KODARMA. Geological formation very ancient, composed of old weathered schists and granites, inerspersed with occasional mica deposits. Soil still moist under stones, though the forest showed the effects of the approaching cool, dry season. Forest varied - Sal and others. Evening temperature about 60*F 440 meters 300 specimens

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STOP 63 - BIHAR; DEHOUR FOREST XI-13-61

Near Rajandi, and closer to Dehour, is a hill region containing the Dehour Forest reserve plot, a section of excellent forest near a stream. Hillside

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under the trees covered with an abundance of granite stones. Warm, sunny afternoon. 220 meters 100 specimens

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STOP 64 - BIHAR: PUSA FARM XI-14-61

Several miles north of Samastipur is the agricultural research station of Pusa Farm, situated in the flat Ganges Valley 100 meters in elevation. We stayed 2 nights and a day at Pusa; our camp was located in a garden area not far from a small river. The collecting areas were entirely disturbed - planted areas, etc. Weather during the day - clear and warm. Evening temperature - 70* and lower. 1700 specimens

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STOP 65 - BIHAR RAXAUL XI-15-61

Camped one night in the compound of the mission hospital, surrounded by buildings and spaceous garden. Surrounding countryside typical Ganges Valley - cultivated and densely populated. Elevation 180 M. 200 specimens

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NEPAL [underlined]

STOP 66 - NEPAL: 13 MI. N BIRGANJ XI-16-61

Driving north on the Kathmandu road, we stopped for an hour in an excellent stretch of typical terai forest - sal and many other species. The forest understory was either small bushes or grass. Collected also in open grass meadows and sandy areas. Sunny, warm afternoon. Forest

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condition fairly dry. Elevation 200 meters. 400 specimens.

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STOP 67 - NEPAL HITAURA XI-17-61

Some 34 miles from Birganj, on the Nepal border, the Kathmandu road passes through the little town of Hitaura, situated in a fairly flat little valley heavily farmed. Camp located in a desturbed area near some buildings and ploughed fields. No trees to speak of near by. Evening very cool. Elevation 550 meters, representing the lower reaches of the pine zone (The hills rise more steeply north of Hitaura) 150 specimens.

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STOP 68 - NEPAL: KATHMANDU XI-19-61

Collected in two distinct areas

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near the city of Kathmandu, both 4500 ft. [underlined] in elevation. One area, composed chiefly of rice terraces and grass along the river, was expecially productive for sweeping. The rice had been harvested, leaving only stubble. Blossoming bushes between the padddies were visited by vespids, ichneumonids, etc. The second collecting spot was a sacred forest plot, situated on a slight knoll in the cultivated valley. Such sacred sections represent the last remaining natural vegetation in heavily cultivated regions. Vespids visited scale - covered trees while grasshoppers were collected in small meadow areas. The weather during the day was sunny and warm though the nights were quite chilly (48*-50*) in comparison, accompanied early each morning by fog. 1800 specimens.